{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/x34mk6647x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with George Neufeld"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Neufeld, George (Interviewee)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)","Kampen, Christine (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-05-05 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 01:28:33","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["h415pb76f (avalonid)","LC036 (other)","2005-091-4758 (local)","2005-091-4759 (local)","2005-091-4760 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","immigration (topical)","education (topical)","language (topical)","family life (topical)","community life (topical)","Steinbach, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Gardenton, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Brandon, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Arnaud, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2020-01-14"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Includes some German (language)","Interviewee: Neufeld, George (creation/production)","Interviewer: Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kampen, Christine (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/729/small/Logo.png?1688577783","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2005-091-4758.wav"]},"duration":1787.75075,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/729/small/Logo.png?1688577783","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/729/original/2005-091-4758.wav?1660929165","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1787.75075,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction, immigration, places of residence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=7.0,288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Neufeld was born in February 1924 in Russia. His family arrived near Rosenfeld, Manitoba, in August 1924. His mother came from the old colony in Russia (Khortytsia). His father was born in Grigorevka which was a newer village. From there, they came to Canada. They spent their first winter in Canada in Rosenfeld with a man who had been the minister at the church there. In spring 1925, the family moved to Arnaud, Manitoba, where they lived for two years. A group of people from the Grigorevka area bought a large piece of land called Limon's ranch. Each family got a piece of land. Two subsequent years, the crops drowned out in the fall. So they moved away from there. After a few months in Winnipeg, they moved to a farm south of Brandon, Manitoba, where they stayed for five years. After the onset of the depression, they left the farm. Some horses had died in the winter and they couldn't afford to buy new ones. Again, they stayed for several months in Winnipeg before they moved to Gardenton, Manitoba. His family lived there until 1949 before they moved to Winnipeg. He had started teaching in 1947 in the Steinbach area.\nNeufeld explains the short stays of his family in Winnipeg that they had nowhere to go: The rented a place and looked for a new farm.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=7.0,288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=7.0,288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interwar Mennonite immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=288.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld explains that the Canadian government allowed the Mennonites to come to Canada from 1923 to about 1930. Most of them came in 1923 and 1924. \nThe Mennonites had to settle on farms, and they were actually not allowed to live in Winnipeg. Neufeld read later that some Mennonites were told by the authorities to leave the city. It didn't happen to his family. The interviewer asked about domestic servants, and Neufeld states that they were allowed to stay in the city.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=288.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=288.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=288.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Voyage to Canada, crossing the Soviet border, arrival in Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=391.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld recall the voyage to Canada according to the accounts of his parents: They went by train to Moscow, and then from Moscow to Riga, Latvia. They weren't sure whether they would be allowed to leave the country. Neufeld estimates that there were about 4,000 people on the train his family traveled on. There was a big red wooden \"Tor\" (in German, gate). The train drove through this gate and stopped at the Latvian side. Neufeld states that he thinks about that gate almost every day and has the ambition to re-built it at Steinbach, Manitoba. He has one picture of that gate but he doesn't have the dimensions. He found the picture somewhere in a book.\nHis family continued the journey from Riga on a ship on the Baltic Sea, the Kiel canal on the North Sea up to Southampton. Then they went by train to Liverpool, and from there they went to Quebec.\nNeufeld has a big scar on his shoulder, as everyone had to be immunized against smallpox. \nHe recalls a story told by his mother about their arrival in Canada. In their group that came to Rosenfeld, there were large families with six or seven children. The local farmer went up and down and chose a family that would stay with them over the winter. His parents were chosen quickly by the Lepki family as they had only one child (Neufeld who was several months old then) but nobody picked up the larger families because the houses were small in those days. The house where his parents stayed had four rooms, two downstairs and two upstairs. The family they stayed with had one son and two adopted girls. Neufeld has a few memories of that house as he would visit them later with his parents.\nNeufeld's father got a job at a neighbour in fall 1924 for harvesting. He thinks that his father paid the Lepki family as much as he could but in general, the people kept them for free.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=391.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border crossings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vaccination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=391.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=391.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canadian and Russian Mennonites in Steinbach, Manitoba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=799.0,1074.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld didn't feel any resentments from the people who took the newcomers in. He later read in a book that people on the West Reserve were worse than the people on the East Reserve. He heard that on the West Reserve, people didn't want to let any \"Russländer\" (new immigrants from Russia) in, and their reasoning was that the neighbourhood was already against the Mennonites because they didn't serve in the army, and they were considered German. In general, Neufeld states that the interwar Mennonite migrants were supported by their fellow-Mennonites living in Canada. He explains that the Canadian Mennonites were very much against education whereas the Russian Mennonites had already developed an education system.\nIn Steinbach, there is a street that is called Mackenzie now, at the southend of town. Some of the people who came in the 1920s would buy a small piece of land and have a market garden there. The Canadian Mennonites who had settled already in 1874 would call that area Moskau (Moscow) because that's where all the Russian Mennonites lived. They also called that area in Low German (Hunger werdi, phonetic spelling) which means \"Hunger beware\" because these people were very poor. Sometimes, they had hardly anything to eat.\nNeufeld recalls that people he has coffee with are all from the group that came in 1874, and he is a \"Russländer\". He jokes about this all the time. He teases them too because they were more conservative. They didn't want to pursue high education, and even when Neufeld started teaching in a country school in the Steinbach area in 1947, there was some resistance against that. But the next generation was very different. Many of his students became lawyers, doctors or teachers in the 1940s and 1950s.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=799.0,1074.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School years, learning English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1074.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld started school in a one-room-school in the small town of Rounthwaite, Manitoba. He was the only student who didn't know English, all the others were Scottish and Presbyterian. When he started school, he didn't know one word of English. They had a church and a Sunday school. Mrs. Morrison was the head of the Sunday school, and she had a boy, Bobby, and he taught Neufeld the first English word. Neufeld asks the interviewer to guess what it was. She replies: \"A bad word?\" Neufeld explains that the Presbyterians wouldn't allow a bad word. The word was \"chair\": They had a boys lobby and a girls lobby in the school. The sat on the floor in the lobby and ate their lunch. There was an old chair, half-broken, and Bobby pointed at it and said \"chair\". Bobby's mother trained him to treat Neufeld well: He would give Neufeld half of his orange.\nNeufeld went to school with horse and buggy on his own in summer, it was about 4 miles from their place. In the winter, Neufeld's father would haul him and take also the children from the neighbourhood. The horse Neufeld went to school with was old so that it wouldn't be wild.\nHe would jump off the buggy and chase gophers. The horse was slow, and it took Neufeld more than half an hour to get to school.\nNeufeld's favourite subjects in school were mathematics and sciences. He was not good at languages. He also liked history and geography. He liked the stories about Canada, some were also about England but not much. They learned nothing about the US.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1074.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oranges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pocket gophers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday schools","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1074.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Presbyterians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scottish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1074.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experiences of Neufeld's parents in Russia, family relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1405.0,1787.75075"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld states that his parents talked about Russia a lot. They would mention sometimes that gangs came to the village and killed people. Neufeld discovered a lot of that history only later himself by reading books. He went to the self-help and bought old German books written in Gothic. He suggests that the interviewers should also do that because that's how they would learn the most. He mentions a village called Zagradovka where 169 people were killed in one day.\nNeufeld's father told him one story: During the Second World War (obviously, he is talking about WW I), most of the Mennonite men served in the Red Cross (in Russia), as was his father. They would pick up wounded in the battle field and load them on trains. Neufeld's father and another man heard that there had been a massacre at a certain hotel. There was a high wall around the yard of that building. When they went in, the whole yard was covered with dead bodies. Asked about when that happed, Neufeld explains that it was during the Russian Revolution. The hair of the man who accompanied Neufeld's father turned white within a couple of days.\nNeufeld says that his mother refused to go back to Russia when many others visited the Soviet Union. She said that she had enough terrible times there.\nHe thinks that maybe his father would have been interesting in visiting Russia. Neufeld knows that he still has some relatives in Russia but he don't know where they are. His mother's sister's family - there were four girls in that family - stayed in Russia. She had about six children but Neufeld doesn't know where they are. He thinks that they had become Russians.\nOn his father's side, some relatives came to Germany much later.\nNeufeld explains that his sisters sends a parcel with food and clothing to a Ukrainian woman once a month. She also hides a few American dollars among the clothes. The uncle of this family had once lived next to his parents. The lady his sister sends parcels to is an English teacher, so she writes letters in English.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1405.0,1787.75075"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"massacres","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1405.0,1787.75075"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729/index/52353/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Revolution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132729#t=1405.0,1787.75075"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2005-091-4759.wav"]},"duration":1798.15329,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/730/small/Logo.png?1688577793","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/730/original/2005-091-4759.wav?1660929188","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1798.15329,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family life, farm life during the Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=0.0,809.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld was the oldest child in the family. He has one brother (born in 1929) and two sisters. One of them is a year and a half his junior. His youngest sister was born in 1938. She is 67 now but she has Parkinson's disease and is in a personal care home.\nNeufeld remembers the birth of his younger brother Harry who was born when the family lived south of Brandon, Manitoba. There was a hospital in Brandon but to travel 18 miles in the winter was a problem. So, Neufeld's mother went to Winnipeg to stay with her father who lived there. Neufeld's mother went to Concordia hospital in Winnipeg where most Mennonites used to go. His father, a worker, his sister and Neufeld stayed on the farm. It was January 1929. The worker was there due to a government program for unemployed. If a farmer kept a person over the winter, the government gave five dollars a months both to the worker and the farmer. Neufeld's father gave the other five dollars to the worker too. The worker did all the chores.\nAsked about why Neufeld's father gave the other five dollars to the worker, Neufeld explains that his father didn't find it fair to keep the money for himself. The worker was a Polish immigrant who was single. Neufeld recalls that his father also managed a mill and that was the way he treated his workers. He always paid them the best he could.\nNeufeld says that in those days, they ate what was on the farm. They had cows, butter and cottage cheese as well as potatoes. They had pigs for meat. All what they bought was sugar. Even when they were not living on the farm (in Gardenton, Manitoba) they had two cows and some pigs and chickens.\nNeufeld recalls that his father wasn't a cook and wasn't successful in cooking rice when his mother was away. His father told that story later.\nPrices were very low. They used to ship cream by train to a creamery at Souris, Manitoba. Several days later, Neufeld's father would go to the post office to pick up the cheque for the cream, and then he would pick up the can (he had to pay for the freight). If any money was left, he would buy some sugar at the grocery store. Neufeld recalls an incident when the price for the freight was higher than the price of the cream. Then they stopped shipping cream. Neufeld's uncle Henry (his father's brother) worked for the CPR, so he could travel for free. During the Great Depression, they CPR didn't lay off anyone, but workers would work only for two weeks a month. So, uncle Henry worked on their farm for the other two weeks. As they had so much cream, they produced ice cream. His uncle was a joker, Neufeld recalls several jokes. Henry married later and had one girl. She had Parkinson's and had to be taken care of for all of her life.\nNeufeld's father grew up in a family with 12 children. All except of two came to Canada. One of them came after WW II. Another one's son came also after WW II. They have all died now. Neufeld would get together with his uncles and aunts living in Manitoba at least once or twice a year, and they would also visit in-between. Those who moved to Ontario he saw much less.\nSome of Neufeld's relatives owned a flower mill in the Gardenton area, and the workers there were mostly also his relatives (cousins and second cousins). His mother's sister was there. In the southern part of Manitoba from Tolstoi to Piney, there were mostly Ukrainian people. There weren't any other nationalities. Now, it's very cosmopolitan there. Steinbach, Manitoba, has become cosmopolitan too.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=0.0,809.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm chores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice cream","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jokes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=0.0,809.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CPR","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=0.0,809.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Language use","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=809.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld recalls that he always spoke Low German with his mother and High German with his father. His mother thought that she didn't know High German well enough to speak it and his father wanted his children to know High German. His parents spoke Low German to each other. Later, they would speak Low German, High German and English all together.\nThere was one family, also from Grigorevka that settled at the Limon farm and stayed there. The mother of this family was Russian. The family was related to Neufeld (he explains in detail, how). In that household, they spoke Low German, High German, Russian and English all together. Neufeld was in school with the family's oldest daughter. She was fluent in all four languages. Neufeld states children can learn five or six languages at one time and that the French in Canada have done the English speakers a great service as they preserve their language and thus motivate others to take French in school.\nNeufeld explains again that he gets his information from the old German books he buys at the self-help. He criticizes that young people like the interviewers can't get background information as they can't read those books.\nNeufeld still speaks German, and if there is a tour (at the museum in Steinbach, Manitoba) with Germans, they usually phone him.\nAsked whether he wants to continue the interview in German, he states that he doesn't use it very much and that maybe the interviewer's High German is better than his. He states that it will be a little bit of struggle to get his brain switch over. Sometimes, some words escape him. He does tours for people from Germany.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=809.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=809.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=809.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School years, teaching","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1079.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(They switch to German.)\nNeufeld recalls that it was his father who told him mathematics at home. At the beginning, he didn't understand his teachers as he didn't speak English. When Neufeld started to teach himself, he had to teach 8 grades at the same time. The also taught correspondence courses for grades 9 and 10. Asked why he had become a teacher, Neufeld explains that he loved teaching. He used to help other students when he was still studying at university. Even at grade 8, he helped other students. Neufeld worked as a teacher for 32 years and retired at the age of 56. Now, he is 81. He is now almost as long \"retired\" (he is conscious that he is using an English word) but he states that he didn't know then how long he would live. He still get's a teacher's pension. He feels almost ashamed that he collects retirement payments for such a long time but it's not his fault.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1079.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1079.0,1319.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite church community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1319.0,1798.15329"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld explains that back in Russia, his family belonged to the Schoenwiese Gemeinde (community). Members of that community were spread over Manitoba. Now, they have split into several communities. In Arnaud, Manitoba, there was a church of the Schoenwiese community. In Gardenton, however, there were only five Mennonite families. The preachers, in particular Ältester (literally \"the oldest\", the title of a Mennonite priest) Ens and Klassen, came from time to time to Gardenton. The five families had a church service every Sunday at someone's home. In the area of Landmark, St. Pierre-Jolys and Niverville, Manitoba, there were many Mennonites. Neufeld worked as a teacher there. The Mennonites there were belonged to the \"Kleine Gemeinde\" and settled there in 1874 (about 500 people). Neufeld married there and attended the Kleine Gemeinde church, as does he now in Steinbach, Manitoba. There had been originally 18 families settling in Steinbach.\nNeufeld was baptized by the Schoenwiese Gemeinde at the age of 21. Neufeld, his sister and about four other Gardenton Mennonites attended catechism lessons in Winnipeg once a week prior to their baptism. Neufeld had learned the catechism already before at the MCI (Mennonite Collegiate Institute). He had also studied the catechism at the Sunday school.\nNeufeld describes church services in his childhood. People would come together and sing songs and say prayers. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1319.0,1798.15329"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baptism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday schools","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1319.0,1798.15329"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730/index/52352/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"catechism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite Collegiate Institute (MCI)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132730#t=1319.0,1798.15329"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2005-091-4760.wav"]},"duration":1728.07547,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/731/small/Logo.png?1688577803","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/731/original/2005-091-4760.wav?1660929208","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1728.07547,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving around, meeting his wife","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=9.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld recalls that he didn't much bother about moving around so often in his childhood. Now, he doesn't like to move whereas some people like to move every two years.\nNeufeld got married in 1952. He met his wife in that school district where he started to teach. His future wife was taking grade 10 correspondence courses for a while. He taught in a country school for twelve years, so he didn't like moving.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=9.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student teaching","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=9.0,116.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WW II, conscientious objection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=116.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld attended the Mennonite Collegiate Institute (MCI) from 1941 to 1942 and got his grade 12. He got his call for the army when he was 18 and a half years old. He applied for a co (conscientious objector) status and had to go to Morden, Manitoba, to court in order to defend his position. After the interview he was asked if he would be willing to work in a hospital, and he agreed. He could choose among Brandon, Selkirk or Portage la Prairie where mental hospitals were located. Neufeld worked in Selkirk for over two years, until November 1945 when all the conscientious objectors were kicked out. The soldiers were coming back, and they would get jobs. For the institution, that was a disaster as the former soldiers were totally undisciplined. When Neufeld was still there, a few former soldiers started to work, and it was a hazard because they came to work drunk. In Brandon, the conscientious objectors were asked to come back after several months.\nNeufeld states that he experienced \"a little bit of discrimination\" during WW II because he was a conscientious objector. He thinks that other people experienced more discrimination than he did. There was a German called Hoffmann who tried to impress people by stating that he was against Germany. They had tea, and Neufeld would take two tea spoons of sugar, and Hoffmann said: Don't you guys know that there is a war on, one spoon of sugar should be enough. The other people in the hospital were \"fairly decent\" to him, recalls Neufeld because they depended on him and other conscientious objectors. \nDuring the war, the government launched a program called \"non-combattant program\". That would enable people go into the army but not to bear arms. Many young Mennonites took that opportunity. The government wrote a letter to the hospital about that program but the administration didn't want to tell them as they didn't want the conscientious objectors to leave. Neufeld enjoyed his work there, and he was very disappointed when he was laid of in November 1945. At the beginning, he earned only 15 dollars a month, and the rest of the wage was sent to the Red Cross. They got their food, lodging and work clothes. When the war stopped, they got more and more of their wages. At the end, he earned 58 dollars a month.\nNeufeld states that his parents living at Gardenton at the time of the war, were never discriminated against, as they were surrounded by Ukrainians.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=116.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conscientious objection","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"psychiatric hospitals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=116.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite Collegiate Institute (MCI)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=116.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite community life, recent immigration from Germany and Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=620.0,817.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld explains that he grew up on a farm, far away from anybody. There weren't any children in the neighbourhood to play with. At Gardenton, the Mennonites kept to themselves too. He observes a similar tendency now in Steinbach where a lot of immigrants from Germany are settling. Two churches have started with those people. One group is called \"Evangelisch-Lutherische Gemeinde\". The other group also build their own church. In the stores, Neufeld can see by the hair style who are the immigrant ladies. In the local churches, most services are in English. The Lutheran church still has a German service. There is one church in Winnipeg (Gemeinde Gottes) with German services. Some churches even have a part of their services in Russian.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=620.0,817.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=620.0,817.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walking barefoot","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=817.0,1101.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neufeld recalls the time he spent in Winnipeg as a child. He learned some \"physics\" there as he walked barefoot at the pavement when it was very hot and scalded his feet. He used to run and jump so that his feet were off the pavement longer than on the pavement.\nNeufeld used to go to school barefoot right into fall. He recalls one incident when a friend walked to school barefoot on a warm day in fall but at four o'clock there was snow on the ground, so he ran home barefoot.\nIn winter, Neufeld wore \"Bursteigler\" (in Low German, felt boots). He had a brand new children's pairs of them at home, and the museum in Steinbach has some. The boots were too hot to keep on in school so he took them off. He wore socks underneath. Neufeld bought the children's pair of boots at an auction sale. He states he has a lot of stuff to bring to the museum.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=817.0,1101.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barefoot","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=817.0,1101.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite identities, religious and cultural practices","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=1101.0,1728.07547"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked about his cultural identity, Neufeld states that it is Mennonite. He differentiates Mennonite religion and Mennonite culture although they cross over. He states that it's hard for Mennonites to loose their culture completely even though they try very hard. There are a number of cultures among the Mennonites: There is a very conservative culture, and a less conservative one. The \"Kleine Gemeinde\"  (small community) has changed tremendously. They used to be very conservative in Russia compared to the big community. The \"Kleine Gemeinde\" didn't play musical instruments, didn't wear jewelry, they didn't talk about a deceased at a funeral. Today, it's different, at some funerals, they just talk about the deceased. But traditionally, the Kleine Gemeinde just had a regular sermon at a funeral without mentioning the deceased. Humbleness was a big issue for them, and to talk about a deceased was not humble. They also didn't presume things about God as other Mennonites do. They wouldn't say that they are born again, that would be far too presumptuous. By now, the membership of the Kleine Gemeinde has changed completely.\nAnother issue were missions. The Kleine Gemeinde didn't send out missionaries at all. Now they send out more missionaries per capita than any other group. The first missionary of the Kleine Gemeinde (a woman) went out only after 1947, and they didn't want to support her. She went as a missionary to Brazil on her own, living on 10 dollars a month. Today, the Kleine Gemeinde has hundreds of missionaries although they have only 5,000 members. Neufeld recalls that the Bible says that when Christ died, he went to the underworld and taught to the people there for three days.\nNeufeld reflects on radical Islamism and states that the Islamic faith doesn't teach what terrorists are doing. It could happen the same to groups of Christians.\nNeufeld explains how the attitude to missionary work among the Kleine Gemeinde changed: One man called Ben Reimer went to the Bible College in Winnipeg that supported missionary work very much, and so the community got a different perspective.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=1101.0,1728.07547"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"islam","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"missionaries","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terrorism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=1101.0,1728.07547"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731/index/52351/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Winnipeg Bible College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58605/file/132731#t=1101.0,1728.07547"}]}]}]}