{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sb3ws8jh19/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Peter S. Thiessen"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Thiessen, Peter S. (Interviewee)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-04-11 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 1:15:28","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["5999n455n (avalonid)","LC304 (other)","2005-091-4719 (local)","2005-091-4720 (local)","2005-091-4721 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","foodways (topical)","subsistence farming (topical)","religion (topical)","group identity (topical)","community life (topical)","Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Grunthal, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Thiessen, Peter S. (creation/production)","Interviewer: Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/466/small/audio-default.png?1640663198","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2005-091-4719.wav"]},"duration":1832.33306,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/466/small/audio-default.png?1640663198","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/466/original/2005-091-4719.wav?1661168539","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1832.33306,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grunthal, different Mennonite groups, education in Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=0.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter remembers the land his family had in Grunthal. The land had many stones and the homestead was a mixed economy: a mixture of cattle, horses, cats, dogs, though nothing in particular as his parents were subsistence farmers. There were two kinds of Mennonites in their village: those that came in the 1920s from Russia (Peter's family was from that group) and those whose families came in the 1870s. The latter group was more conservative than the former due to the education provided in Russia. Many of his village's leaders were educated in those facilities.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=0.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Subsistence economy, foods","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=207.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Summers in Grunthal were dreadfully hot and the winters were long and cold. Peter's family lived in a subsistence community: there were no rich Mennonites, but varying degrees of poverty.\n\nThe food they ate was quite simple. They had potatoes, cucumbers (sometimes pickled), carrots (canned), daily eggs, pork, farmer sausage, spare ribs, but no bacon. Lard was also a staple in their economy. Lard was achieved by heating cuts of meat in a cauldron and scooping the grease that floated to the top into containers. Lard was used in buns and frying.\n\nAt an annual event, neighbours would come over and a cauldron of boiling water would be produced. The hog's meat would be sliced and intestines removed. Meat would be cut away and the cauldron would take the rest. This was a great institution as 3 or 4 families would come to eat and make this food. Food would be sent back home (pieces of cake, meat from the hog, etc.).","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=207.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Threshing bee, sharing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=511.0,693.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another important institution was sharing at threshing time. In the subsistence economy, all work was done by horses or by people. Tractors were reserved only for large farms. Peter's family's farm was too small for the tractor. Peter's family was a large supplier of milk as they had 12 cows in the 1930s. In those days, Winnipeg was running short of milk, so the city promised contracts to farmers that could produce a certain quality of milk to the city. Peter's father wasn't too keen on the idea as some would go to a co-op, which had featured a picture of Lenin (whom Peter's father wasn't fond of). Peter's father shunned the co-op due his poor experiences with co-ops in Ukraine.\n\nThe institution of sharing at threshing was an important one. The community was held together by this event. In 1939, Peter's father had earned enough from the previous year that he could pay off the debt for the homestead and hire a threshing crew for the harvest. That was the end of the social institution of the threshing bee as combine harvesters became widespread. That was another thread of the village's social fabric undone.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=511.0,693.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wartime rationing and luxuries","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=693.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the War, everything was rationed. There were stamps to determine how much sugar, butter, clothing, and gasoline they could buy. The black market began to function in small ways. Peter's father could drive into Winnipeg and exchange their unused coupons for luxuries like chocolates and candies.\n\nThere was a community nearby called Saint Pierre with a bank, theatre, beer parlour, and other worldly institutions. The Mennonite elders frowned upon some of these things. Peter's father would come home with a pint of ice cream, white bread, and sausage. Peter says the combination of these things was the closest thing to heaven on Earth. Saint Pierre had freezers so meat could be stored without spoiling.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=693.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Effect of World War II on the community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=930.0,1195.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the preparation for the War, there were some stressors in the community. As a Mennonite community, they all learned German in school and only learned English if they had to. Peter had some difficulty with \"two\" and \"too\".\n\nPeter's father went to bank in Saint Pierre. The bank manager heard that Peter's father had been seen at a Sunday afternoon activity. The RCMP had infiltrated German communities and had been taking pictures. That event made Peter's father uncomfortable as having one's photo taken on the basis of unpatriotic activities was something he had known from Russia.\n\nThere was a divide in the Mennonite community between those that were pro-Russian and those that were pro-Nazi. Many in the community felt that it was only a matter of time before Germany won. There were severe public disagreements over whether or not Germany would invade Canada.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=930.0,1195.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Town of St Pierre","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=1195.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The food they ate was very simple. They had eggs and potatoes. Potatoes were boiled or pan fried. Peter's father enjoyed head cheese and vinegar.\n\nThe Mennonites were afraid of the Catholic Church in Saint Pierre (though Peter found them to be fair employers when he did some threshing for them). The town had an agricultural representative that was sent to Grunthal to start up a 4H Club. This individual was the first non-Mennonite that entered Peter's life. He also helped Peter to achieve a University scholarship.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=1195.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German language","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=1405.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter's first language was Low German. A teacher in a Mennonite community would have to commit themselves to teaching German for an hour before classes started or teach religion for a half-hour after classes. The teachers were hired on the basis that they knew German and were compatible with the Mennonite faith. In grade 12, Peter improved his German significantly. When Peter went into construction in Winnipeg in the 1950s, his German was augmented by those displaced persons that came to Canada following the War. He became fluent in German so he could better communicate with German people.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=1405.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Support for Nazis in the Mennonite community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=1643.0,1832.33306"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466/index/59348/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Mennonites that came from Russia in the 1920s had family members that were taken and marched off in the middle of the night. The Stalin era had been very unkind to the Mennonites. When Germany attacked Russia, many Mennonites supported the conflict. Thus, the Nazi movement had a great deal of appeal to those that were unaware of the atrocities committed by the Nazis.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133466#t=1643.0,1832.33306"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2005-091-4720.wav"]},"duration":1772.88998,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/467/small/audio-default.png?1640663347","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/467/original/2005-091-4720.wav?1661168559","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1772.88998,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grunthal in WW2","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=0.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Mennonites saw the Nazi movement as a saviour against the international communist movement. Peter's uncle, William, told Peter's father not to clear stones from the land because they were going to get all their land in Ukraine back. William believed the Nazis would win. Neither Peter's father or his uncle William believed in the Holocaust. One of Peter's neighbours went to Germany just before the war and only came back to Canada after the war by slipping into a Canadian uniform.\n\nThere was a group of guys that would go to St Pierre to purchase wine which would then be sold in Grunthal for a markup. Another neighbour enlisted with the Canadian army, but deserted before he could be sent to war. Eventually, the guy came out of hiding and went into the army. Peter had a cousin that was lost in Germany after joining the Canadian Air Force.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=0.0,436.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter's parents and siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=436.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter's parents came to Canada in 1928. They were married in Russia in 1928 and were being watched by the Russian authorities. But they didn't know Peter's father had a passport to Canada.\n\nPeter talks about his brother, Frank, and other siblings. Peter went into construction and development businesses. Peter was born in November of 1929. He was born with a Depression Complex over his head. He thinks he still has that as he tries to stretch a dollar as far as it will go. There is an entire generation that grew up with that mentality.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=436.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=740.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter's parents told him stories from Russia. A letter came from his mother's brother telling of a man whose hunger was so extreme, he had been caught cannibalizing bodies from graves. Peter remembers the tears and anguish from his parents when they learned of these events from Russia.\n\nOther stories were generally positive. Stories from their time in school and doing other activities. Peter's father could always go up and down the Dnieper River and catch fish. These were nice distractions from the realities of cold Canadian winters, hot summers, and endless work. Peter's father liked to go to town and chat with other fellows while Peter did the work at home.\n\nPeter had his first tooth removed by the village blacksmith. He didn't scream because he was so focused on not being a \"sissy\". Peter tells a story about how two people made a bet on whether or not one of the men could eat an entire halva in one sitting. He lost the bet when the other man gave him too much of a soft drink. Soft drinks and ice cream were great rewards for the kids in rural Manitoba during the 1930s. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=740.0,1198.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canning, construction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=1198.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of their canning was done in jars. Canned goods were looked down as a sign that a person was not living the good life. The people that moved from Grunthal to Winnipeg mostly went into construction. The frailer ones went into education. Peter talks about the construction done by the interviewer's grandfather.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=1198.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religion and mores in Grunthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=1378.0,1772.88998"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467/index/59349/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The church had a significant impact in Grunthal. The church Peter's parents attended was a German language church: everything was done in German. All children in the church were expected to join the church and do a catechism. Joining the church was formalized in this way. Joining the church came with a series of expectations and mores that were to be practised in the community.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133467#t=1378.0,1772.88998"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2005-091-4721.wav"]},"duration":924.78113,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/468/small/audio-default.png?1640663429","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/468/original/2005-091-4721.wav?1661168574","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":924.78113,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Culture and religion of the Mennonite community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468#t=0.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter talks about moderation, temperance, good judgment, and some business ethics being important in the Mennonite community. Without having large sermons, the lifestyle was imprinted through the community. Small things like prayers and literature that helped to reinforce the cultural heritage of the community. Later on, there was a formal component added to the religious teachings of the Mennonites.\n\nSome of the Mennonite families would send their daughters to work as maids or cleaners for families in Winnipeg. Sometimes, they would meet potential spouses there. One of Peter's cousins met a suitor this way.\n\nSome of the parents in the 1930s would get married in the same pattern as they did in Russia. They did not want intermarriage between the older colony and the newer colony. Later on, expectations changed and parents were just happy if their children married a fellow protestant or Mennonite. Now, they're just happy that their children are getting married.\n\nIn the 1930s, when people were poor and destitute, the concept of paradise after death was very important.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468#t=0.0,456.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite religion and religious camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468#t=456.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the late 1940s, there was a strong revival of non-resistance and pacifism. In the 1950s, there was a revival of salvation. There were communities set up for this purpose. During this period, many camps were set up for kids. Debate on whether or not they would be in English or German, and other theological discussions still haunt the church.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468#t=456.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468#t=564.0,924.78113"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468/index/59350/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peter considers himself to be a farm boy and still considers Grunthal to be home, despite being in the city for so long. The community in Grunthal is less accepting of him, however. His ethnic identity is still Mennonite. He is less inclined to go with the mainstream religious forces. He tries to be as much of a pacifist as he can be.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58855/file/133468#t=564.0,924.78113"}]}]}]}