{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/rx93776r79/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with John Bayers"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Bayers, John (Interviewee)","Chernevych, Andriy (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-07-22 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; mp3; 1:18:10","audio/mpeg"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["8910jv857 (avalonid)","LC205 (other)","2004-091-0611 (local)","2004-091-0612 (local)","2004-091-0613 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","personal narratives (topical)","dogs (topical)","gardening (topical)","clothing (topical)","farm life (topical)","Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (spatial)","Yellow Creek, Saskatchewan, Canada (spatial)","Rycroft, Alberta, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-03"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Bayers, John (creation/production)","Interviewer: Chernevych, Andriy (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/127/small/audio-default.png?1640639951","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2004-091-0611.mp3"]},"duration":2124.09469,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/127/small/audio-default.png?1640639951","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/127/original/2004-091-0611.mp3?1660937602","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2124.09469,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stories, dog and ducks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=0.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When John was 3 or 4 and was at his aunt's place, he learned where milk came from and thought that grass was the key to producing milk.\n\nJohn's father died when John was young and his mother remarried. They moved to a place called Yellow Creek. It was called Yellow Creek because of the yellow on the Ukrainian flag and the community was mostly Ukrainian. They moved into a log cabin. John's best friend was his dog and they would go everywhere together. One time, they were walking along a slough and the dog \"told\" him to wait there while the dog herded some ducks towards John. John put them in his shirt and took them home. They all died by morning because they didn't have enough water. John went into the house to cry while his mother took the down off the ducks and made a quilt for him. Later, the dog chased more ducks to John and he brought them home, but they were gone by morning. John's mother told him they all flew away during the night. In truth, John was eating what he thought was chicken as his mother sent him out for even more ducks. John thinks he brought ducks home 7 or 8 times. They did taste good, as John remembers.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=0.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barn roof story, playing with dog","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=592.0,800.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John talks about the time his cousins came to visit. He tried to show off for them by running across the roof of the barn on all fours. John's father was working in the field and mistook John's silhouette for a wildcat that was scuttling across the roof of the barn. So, when John went to the front of the barn, he saw his father there, armed with a pitchfork. John was told to get off the roof.\n\nJohn's dog would chase rabbits and ducks, but wouldn't attack the animals. Rather, the dog would catch them and then play with them. John would watch his dog do this for hours. Sometimes, John would steal the dog's food and run with it until the dog chased and knocked John down.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=592.0,800.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Traveling to grandmother's house, learning Ukrainian, accident, ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=800.0,1126.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John used to go to his grandmother's house (about a half mile away) and she always had mashed potatoes and sour cream. He loved both. While he was eating, she would teach John Ukrainian. John, however, did not realize he was even paying attention as he was so taken with the food. But he did learn Ukrainian and it stuck with him, even years later.\n\nOne time, when John was going to his grandmother's house, he saw a robin on a burnt tree. He decided to climb the tree to see if there were any eggs up there. The tree broke when he was near the top of the burnt pole. He was knocked out and woke up around 9 at night. The dog was lying next to John when he woke up. John's mother did not worry because the dog was with John.\n\nAnother time, as John and his dog were traveling to his grandmother's house, the dog found some baby rabbits and started licking them. So John took the rabbits home and put them into a banana crate. John forgot about the rabbits and his mother found 3 dead rabbits in the banana crate which was used for laundry. There were a lot of rabbits that winter and they were all over the place.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=800.0,1126.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hunting rabbits, skinning rabbits, selling pelts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=1126.0,1403.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John's father went to town and purchased a .22 rifle for $6. His father would shoot the rabbits while John and his mother would skin them. They would put the pelts on makeshift stretchers and gather them for a shipment. The first one shipment they made was 1500 pelts in a wool sack. The pelts were sent to Winnipeg and John's family was paid 7 cents per hide.\n\nJohn's father (stepdad) received a letter from John's uncle saying that rabbits had infested his farm. So John's father went to his uncle's property and helped his uncle to kill the rabbits and harvest the carcasses. They were paid a few cents per carcass. The rabbits were sent via boxcar to Winnipeg where the meat would be used to feed foxes. On this particular journey, they ran out of boxcars for the rabbits because all the farmers were killing rabbits, so the boxcars were full. John thinks there were so many rabbits at the time because a forest fire had gone through and there were many little shoots sprouting from the ground that the rabbits could munch on.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=1126.0,1403.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to school, growing mustard, harvesting mustard","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=1403.0,2124.09469"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127/index/52062/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John's mother knew he wasn't going to go to school anytime soon because she didn't think John could sit still long enough. So she held him back an extra year. His mother tells John he has to love school and take orders from older people. She was basically training John to send him to school. When John finally went to school, he went around trying to kiss all the girls.\n\nOnce, when John's mother was shopping in town, there was a 2 pound box of mustard seed. She asked if that was where mustard came from. She decided to grow her own mustard by planting the mustard seed. The price was 17 cents and she only purchased 1 box. She demanded a lot of garden space for the mustard which surprised her husband, Jack. They planted 11 rows of the mustard. The flowers grew and were extremely beautiful. Many of the neighbouring women came by in the fall for some mustard seeds so they could grow their own. John's mother taught him how to harvest the mustard by rolling the flowers with the roots. John talks about loading up a cart with the mustard flowers.\n\nMustard is very productive. The following year, mustard was growing beside all the nearby roads. Unfortunately, there was no herbicide for mustard at the time, so people cursed it for years. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133127#t=1403.0,2124.09469"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2004-091-0612.mp3"]},"duration":1894.68735,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/128/small/audio-default.png?1640640006","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/128/original/2004-091-0612.mp3?1660937631","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1894.68735,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going back to Yellow Creek, retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=0.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A couple of years ago, John went to a family reunion with his nephew. The nephew wanted to see the school where his mother taught at, though the structure isn't there anymore. They went down to where the farmhouse was, but that too is gone. A farmer in the area bought up all the land and demolished everything. Now the area is all yellow, not from mustard, but from canola which is a valuable cash crop as it is used for cooking oil and margarine. The area can't grow wheat very well, but it can sure grow canola. The canola sells well and quickly.\n\nJohn talks about washing dishes during retirement.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=0.0,249.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clothes, stones for slingshots, train customers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=249.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John's mother made clothing for John as she had a sewing machine. She would put little pockets into the clothing. There weren't any stones nearby for their slingshots, so they had to walk some distance if they wanted rocks for their slingshots.\n\nLater, they moved to Rycroft during the war. People getting off the train would eat in John's mother's dining room because it was cheaper than the dining cars on the train. But she had to give that up since she didn't have a license. A lot of troop trains were going through there on their way to build the Alaska Highway. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=249.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Garden vegetables, preservation, Yellow Creek families, forest fires","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=516.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They purchased tea, coffee, and sugar from the store. They had a garden on the farm so they grew their own vegetables which they canned. They grew carrots, turnips, and beets which would be buried in sand in the cellar. Things kept well when buried in sand. They would also can a lot of the vegetables.\n\nJohn and his sister went to sell garden seeds for five and ten cents a package. One gentleman purchased $14 worth of seeds. The gentleman had a log house with a lot of children, so how he could afford the seeds was beyond John. John describes eating at their house. They had a canner for soup and they would have homemade soup with homemade bread and butter. It was the best meal John ever tasted. It was very wholesome food. The older boys in the family were absent as they were probably out cutting trees for the house. The father was a kind man and paid a lot for those seeds. The garden he grew was seven acres. He had a bunch of older girls living there between the ages of 15 and 20, all working the garden.\n\nThere was another family with 16 children. John says 99% of families in the area were Ukrainian. There were English families further west in the prairies. No one settled the Yellow Creek area for awhile as there were so many big trees in the area. Many of the trees died due to the forest fires. A lot of livestock was killed as the ash from the trees poisoned them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=516.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=1041.0,1210.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a church in Yellow Creek, but John doesn't remember going because it was a long ways away. John thinks he was about 8 when they moved to Rycroft. The church didn't have a priest, but a priest would come maybe once or twice a year. The church is still there as it has been preserved. It is Greek Orthodox. When they moved to Rycroft, there was a Catholic Church and a United Church. John's family went to the United Church.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=1041.0,1210.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holidays, ordering from Eaton's, ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=1210.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John doesn't remember too much about Christmas.\n\nEaster he remembers because his step-dad painted Easter Eggs which he learned from his mother. They painted beautiful eggs using homemade tools. She would also make them easter eggs and put together a hunt for them in the house. Easter is the only holiday he remembers.\n\nBirthdays were not celebrated, as John can recall. They would maybe get a shirt as a birthday present. They always got clothes rather than toys as clothes were more practical. They got their clothes through Eaton's Catalogue which would arrive just before Christmas. They would get a coat or a pair of boots: things like that. Clothes could be purchased in town, but there wasn't much choice there. Once the orders were made, the catalogue paper would be used as toilet paper. There was a free catalogue every year and everyone got one. They just had to know their measurements as they couldn't try clothes on beforehand. John's mother could also make alterations as needed.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=1210.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"House and decorations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=1599.0,1894.68735"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128/index/52061/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The house they lived in was a log house, sheeted with lumber. There was wallpaper made from craft paper on the inside. John's mother would use calcimine paint to decorate the different rooms. The kitchen was painted pink. During the family reunion trip they took, they found the old cupboard she used. The house was originally meant to be a granary, but it had to be used as a house instead, so it was quite large. There were two bedrooms on the main floor and the kitchen and living room were a single room. With logs, the number of additions was restricted. There was an upstairs (accessed via ladder) where several of the kids slept. They had a couple of religious pictures on the walls and a few calendars, as well.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133128#t=1599.0,1894.68735"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2004-091-0613.mp3"]},"duration":673.7502,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/129/small/audio-default.png?1640640029","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/129/original/2004-091-0613.mp3?1660937644","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":673.7502,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School, farming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129#t=0.0,387.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At school, desks were in a row and bolted down to a skid. Each desk could seat 3 people with room for books underneath. The first school they went to was just a plain log school with no sheeting or anything like that. The east side was all windows and there were no other windows. There was a blackboard and a stove that was just two barrels welded together. The burned cordwood, a single log being 8 feet long. The school was grade 1 to grade 8. The school was torn down years ago and now kids go to school via buses.\n\nBack then, it was all quarter section farmers. As tractors were rare, all these farm areas were worked by hand with horses. Now, there are big farmers that buy out their next door neighbours and create more land to farm. Those farmers have large machines that can cultivate, work, and harvest the land incredibly quickly. Now, it's only hobby farmers that have horses. John's cousin raises horses out in Sherwood Park.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129#t=0.0,387.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friends and activities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129#t=387.0,550.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John remembers playing with some friends during his childhood, and they were all connected somehow through the different homesteads. They were maybe a mile away from their neighbours.\n\nThey would play ball, which was the main thing. They didn't play hockey as there was nowhere to play back then. They played hockey once they moved into town. Out on the farm, they played ball in the summer and cut wood or hauled wheat in the winter. The teams hauling wheat would leave about 4 in the morning and they would come back 12 hours later with their groceries. If a neighbour couldn't go into town, they would give a list to someone who was and then pay them back later.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129#t=387.0,550.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129#t=550.0,673.7502"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129/index/52060/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John's first language was English, though his grandma tried to teach him Ukrainian. John's mother couldn't speak English and couldn't understand the teacher and was mocked by other children when she went to school. She decided that her children would be taught English first so that it didn't happen to them. John's grandmother, and a lot of other people in the area, couldn't speak English. But in the house, John's mother made sure they spoke English.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58758/file/133129#t=550.0,673.7502"}]}]}]}