{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/m32n58dh7c/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Martha and John Enns"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Enns, Martha (née Friesen) (Interviewee)","Enns, John (Interviewee)","Kampen, Christine (Interviewer)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-04-18 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 1:36:43","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["h128nf812 (avalonid)","LC302 (other)","2005-091-4154 (local)","2005-091-4155 (local)","2005-091-4156 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eInterviewee: Enns, Marcha\u003c/p\u003e (creation/production)","\u003cp\u003eInterviewee: Enns, John\u003c/p\u003e (creation/production)","\u003cp\u003eInterviewer: Kampen, Christine\u003c/p\u003e (creation/production)","\u003cp\u003eInterviewer: Thiessen, Angela\u003c/p\u003e (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/475/small/audio-default.png?1640664382","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2005-091-4154.wav"]},"duration":1807.06975,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/475/small/audio-default.png?1640664382","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/475/original/2005-091-4154.wav?1661168711","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1807.06975,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: childhood, father's life, re-migration to Germany in 1939","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=0.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns talks about a Friesen family picture taken in 1935/36. She was about five or six years old then. She identifies her mother who is \"quite young-looking\", and her father who didn't have a job at that time. \"Briefly here and there\", her father was employed as a worker, he worked at \"jobs that came along but he didn't have a steady income\". Life was \"pretty tough\" in those days. Asked about her siblings, Martha Enns recalls that they had a \"very happy family life\". They had old bikes and \"old things to play with\", skates with straps. Her father always built a slide in the backyard. In summer, her father had the best tomato garden in the whole neighbourhood. People would walk down the back lane and admire his tomatoes, and her father was very proud of them: \"It was a happy childhood\". Her father was never a farmer, his profession was accounting which he studied in \"Gdańsk now, Danzig.\" Her father came from Russia, his parents sent him to study \"in Germany, so to speak, Prussia\". \"As a German\", her father didn't get employment in Canada. In spring 1939, the family went to Germany, \"and then we were caught in the war\". Martha Enns states that her father \"had employment there in his profession\". Asked if her father was guaranteed employment before they left, Martha Enns says \"no, not really\" but her father was employed two weeks after his arrival. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=0.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: neighbours, re-migration to Germany, siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=180.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns recalls that the neighbourhood (of Winnipeg) she grew up at was very interesting. They lived between German families who were not Mennonite, they were Catholic and Lutheran. They got along with them very well, they helped each other. There were Ukrainians across the street, Polish people and Jewish families. They would greet each other on the street and see each other in each others houses. When they left Canada, they had a big party for them. They knew that they would be in contact again someday. She is in contact with her former neighbours to this day.\nAsked how it was for here to leave at the age of 9, Martha Enns recalls that it was easier for her than for her older siblings. For her, it was a big adventure. She spoke German quite well, so there was no fear that they would not understand her. She got used to Germany \"right away\". The family they were with in Germany had a daughter of her age. They were singing German songs together, and they were dancing a Tiroler (Tyrolean) dance: \"In no time, I was right in there.\" (She laughs.) Her German school in Winnipeg \"must have been very good\". It was the MB (Mennonite Brethren) church on College Ave. It was close to their house, and they didn't have any means of transportation to another German school run by the Schönwiese church. John Enns intervenes: \"You were the youngest\". Martha Enns continues: She was the youngest sibling: Her sister was the oldest, and there were two boys between. She was \"sort of left out\" when her siblings played. Her brothers played hockey but she couldn't skate then but her brothers were very nice to her. She played by herself a lot. They had a veranda towards the street, and every morning in summer time, and she would play house there with chairs and other pieces of furniture and dolls: \"That's a niece memory.\"\n\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=180.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: mother, Tarr family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=411.0,687.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked about her mother, Martha Enns recalls that she was \"very hard-working\". She would also work as a domestic in homes to augment the family income but there was enough work for her in the house, so eventually her mother had to stay at home. Her mother had \"everything well in hand\" and was a good cook and baker. Martha Enns repeats that her mother was a hard worker and \"very kind\". John Enns intervenes and tells his wife to talk about her connection to the Tarr family. Martha Enns continues: Her aunt who was her mother's cousin took a domestic job with the Tarr family. The man was a prominent lawyer, it was an affluent family. Her father would do their double windows, whenever they had to be changed for the winter. He would also clean up, at their house in the city as well as in their cottage which was in Little Britain, Manitoba. (She laughs.) Thus, the family had a change to be at that cottage. The Tarr family would be on a trip in Europe (Martha Enns thinks in Germany, \"they liked Germany\"), and they had access to their cottage. John Enns intervenes: \"In exchange for all the fixing up\" Martha Enns' father did. Martha Enns continues: Her father was also paid for his work. Her mother cleaned the house together with her aunt, and her father did the outside work: \"There were French benefits.\" (She laughs.) John Enns intervenes: \"They would get the street car to get there.\" Martha Enns continues: \"Oh yes\", they would pack up bags and packages and whatever they could carry and take on to this street car which they caught on Main Street. They lived on Redwood Ave., and it's many blocks to walk to Main Street. That's the way they got to Little Britain. John Enns intervenes: They street car went all the way to Lockport, Manitoba. Martha Enns recalls that they had to carry a lot, everybody had to carry something. Asked if a lot of people had cabins, Martha Enns says: \"Only the wealthy.\" John Enns says: \"Not the Mennonites.\" (He laughs.) Martha Enns recalls that it was very special that they as Mennonites could get to a cottage. Asked about the nationality of the Tarrs, Martha Enns says that they were English or Scottish but she can't recall their church. She thinks they were Presbyterian, they went to Knox Church.\nAsked why the Tarr family was attracted to Germany, Martha Enns recalls that a lot of people traveled to England and then to Germany or Spain: \"So Germany was a cultural centre.\" The Tarr family didn't speak German.\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=411.0,687.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: aunt working for the Tarr family, her estate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=687.0,970.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that his wife's aunt was her first court client as a law student. She was in her last days dying of leukaemia when they got married. From church, they went to Misericordia Hospital with Martha in her wedding gown and visited the aunt. It was very sad. Then John Enns did her estate. That was in 1957. The aunt had worked for the Tarr family for about 40 years, as live-in domestic, sewed, cooked, she was actually part of the family. The Tarrs treated her quite well but today one would say that she was \"grossly underpaid\". Martha Enns says: \"It's all relative.\" John Enns says that the aunt was happy there. John Enns asks if the Tarrs took the aunt to Germany, Martha Enns says no. She continues: Her aunt once left for Germany to perhaps get married there. She knew someone there, and he had an eye on her but it didn't work out. They have a letter her mother wrote to her cousin (this aunt), warning her aunt to be \"very careful\" because her mother had \"heard such and such about him\". (They are all laughing.) Later on, the aunt thanked her mother for this warning because \"he turned out to be a scoundrel\". (They are laughing.) John Enns says that he didn't hear about that.\nAsked how her mother could know this, Martha Enns recalls that \"things are talked around\". Someone else knew this person and informed her mother. Her mother had heard from other sources also \"that this was not good\". Her aunt came back wondering whether the Tarr family would take her in again, and they were very happy to do that. It happened in 1937, and she came back in 1938. She thinks that her sister knows more about it. She assumes that her sister didn't talk about it (she was also interviewed), the interviewers agree.\nJohn Enns says that after the aunt's death, Mrs. Tarr wanted to get Martha's mother the aunt's sewing machine and different things. There was no will and hardly any estate: The aunt had lived in one room, that was her life for 40 years. The Tarrs had taken out a 2,000 dollars annuity at Great West Life for her. Mr. Tarr was a founder of Monarch life, which was swallowed up by Great West Life, a financial company, much later. That money was made available but Martha's family was afraid that some relatives in Australia might complain that they had taken the aunt's estate. There was also some money on a bank account, and they had to sign an indemnity because there could be some distant relatives in Russia making claims to the estate.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=687.0,970.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: domestic workers, sister","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=970.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks if it was a regular thing at that time to remain unmarried. Martha Enns mentions the \"Mädchenheim\" where young unmarried women from rural places would go. They would work as domestics within the city. On their day off which was usually a Thursday, they would in the evening gather for supper and for bible study in the Mädchenheim. John Enns intervenes: Many of them got married. Martha Enns continues: Many of them had to bring in the money for the family, Martha Enns recalls that her sister \"missed the boat\" because she was too young here in Canada to get married (she was 16 when they went to Germany), and in Germany, the war broke out, and the men were all on the front: \"Then it was too late although it's never too late.\" (She laughs.) \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=970.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha and John Enns: returning to Canada in 1950, Tarr family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1070.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns recalls that the family came back to Canada in 1950. John Enns intervenes: The Tarr family was helpful because there was \"a reluctance\" to allow them to return \"because they had been voluntarily going to enemy Germany\". Mr. Tarr \"assisted at least\" on their behalf. Martha Enns says that they were in contact with the Tarr family until Mrs. Tarr died. They had children, one of their sons was the CEO for Great West Life. John Enns says that the Tarrs were all very well-to-do, and there was a contact for quite a lot of years, but not closely, as Martha Enns adds.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1070.0,1144.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: Shriner's Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1144.0,1250.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns recalls that she got to work in the Shriner's Hospital on Wellington Crescent through the Tarr family, they had connections there, they were contributors. It was a \"privately run thing\", and Martha Enns was going into nursing. She had started in Germany, \"Vorschule\", she had some \"pre-training\". She became a nurse's aid. Some of the children in the hospital had to be taken to a a safer place (during the 1950 flood), and they were evacuated to Regina, Saskatchewan. She went with them. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1144.0,1250.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: school life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1250.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns went to Strathcona school (in Winnipeg) to grade 3. (She laughs.) She remembers one \"big accident\", she was thrown against the stone wall. She must have had a slight concussion, she was dizzy after that. She was walked home. The accident happened when they were playing. It was not a rough place, they were just playing. \"Maybe someone did some pushing, but you know, we are peaceful Mennonites, we didn't go into detail about who did what\". (She laughs.)\nShe remembers her time at school as \"pleasant\". She walked to school together with others, later on, her sister went to a different school. She remembers a \"very peaceful and satisfying childhood here in Canada\".\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1250.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: attitude towards Nazis, years in Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1371.0,1476.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks Martha Enns about her family's attitude towards the Nazi regime and the war, as they went back to Germany in 1939. She replies: \"I think all I every heard was what good things Hitler was doing. He had the Autobahn, he had work for everyone. He had...well, the killings didn't come up then. It was just, maybe discrimination against the Jews, sure, yeah, yes there was that.\" The interviewer asks if she ever saw persecution of Jews, and Martha Enns says she never saw anything. She say that \"they kept everything hidden.\" She recalls that she was just talking about this topic yesterday with other immigrants from Germany. They said too that \"there was this mass hysteria about Hitler, you know, he was so infectious, created this dream world, I guess that everything would be fine for whoever was German\". She says that they had no idea about the consequences. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1371.0,1476.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: attitudes towards Nazis, re-migration to Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1476.0,1807.06975"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475/index/52573/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that there was a \"subtle but fairly strong program\" encouraging \"Auslandsdeutsche\" (Germans living abroad) to \"come heim ins Reich\" (come home to the Reich). They provided German \"Fibeln\" (textbooks) for Saturday German schools. Some members of their church had shortwave radios and listened to Hitler's speeches in the 1930s. He remembers older boys saying that their father wants to hear Hitler today speaking on the radio.\nMartha Enns says that there \"were Hitler-followers here but only because their world was so much better that ours here. We had poverty.\" She wasn't affected by this as a child.\nThe interviewer asks how Martha Enns' family would react to the outbreak of the war, given that Mennonites were pacifists. Martha Enns recalls that \"luckly, her father didn't have to go to the front\". He worked as interpreter, as he knew Russian. He had to go to Ukraine, his birth place. It was very difficult for her father to \"see his Heimat (homeland), so to speak, in Flammen (in flams)\". She recalls that there is a book titled \"Heimat in Flammen\", it was written by a good friend, Gerhard Toews, a Mennonite writer. Another one was Fritz Senn (pen name of Gerhard Friesen). They also left for Canada for Germany. Another family was called Hildebrandt (?). They were 4-5 families from Canada living in Wilhelmshafen, in the northwestern part of Germany. They had not left together. The Toews came from Saskatchewan, the Friesens probably from Ontario. The men served as interpreters for the German army in Russia and in Ukraine. Her father had seen terrible things when he left Ukraine in 1924: Barns were burnt, people disappeared. He came to Canada to be safer but didn't have employment. When her father went back to Germany, the war broke out, \"and he was sent back into his Ukraine where he was born\". He worked as interpreter and \"got the transports out of Germans that still lived in the Ukraine\". John Enns intervenes: Martha's father helped with German-speaking \"Russian citizens\". Martha Enns continues: They became German citizens in Poland which was then already occupied territory. Her father helped with the refugees, and then he fought with the \"Volkssturm\", the last resort of the German army, and was hit by a shrapnel, and turned blind. Asked if her father was a \"supporter of the party\", Martha Enns says no, \"he never was a member\". He had a uniform that identified the auxiliary units, \"for the German army, I guess\". He was an interpreter, a \"more of humanitarian sort of work\".\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133475#t=1476.0,1807.06975"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2005-091-4155.wav"]},"duration":1802.61152,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/476/small/audio-default.png?1640664505","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/476/original/2005-091-4155.wav?1661168732","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1802.61152,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: father in WWII","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=0.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer says that the Mennonites still living in Ukraine or Russia were \"definitely more in favour of the German army than of the Red Army\". Martha Enns agrees. She says that the Germans were \"very kind\" to them, and you can't blame the Mennonites there for liking them more than the Red Army: \"That's the human condition.\" Martha Enns recalls that it was a \"very disappointing time\" for her father: \"His people were threatened and everything destroyed. Then he humbly came back to Canada as a blind man.\" He was trained in Germany, and \"he was very good with his dog.\" There was a transit law that a dog assisting a blind person could enter a street car. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=0.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: father's guide dog","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=96.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that he was dog-friendly all his life. When he was courting Martha, he tried everything to build a relationship with her father's dog (she was called Asta) but in vain, she didn't like her. He couldn't touch the dog. Martha Enns continues: She also didn't much do with Asta except feeding her: \"It was a one-man dog.\" ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=96.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: his birth and a metal clock","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=165.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that he was born in 1929 in a farm house during a blizzard. The doctor had to come with a primitive bombardier (?) and cross the fields. He recalls a \"very charming\" fact he learned later. His father was teaching at Gretna. John Enns was born on December 19th, and his father was to come home a day later or two from the Christmas break. Everything went fine, and his father had a metal clock for the family as a Christmas present. He set it up on Christmas Day, and the clock had a soft chime. His mother told him that when she heard this chime, \"it was like in heaven\": She was happy: She had a healthy baby, her husband was home, the country house was warm although they were poor. John Enns says that he inherited this metal clock, he can show it the interviewers later.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=165.0,265.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: childhood, outbreak of war","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=265.0,472.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns has hardly any recollection of the farm. When he was about three years old, he thinks that he can recall that his sister was pulling him into a little wagon through the garden. He remembers raspberry plant that were higher than he was. He says that he \"must have been a bad kid\" because he played with new-born chicks, and they were valuable. He had a piece of sack cloth, and he wanted them to lay down, and he accidentally killed one or two of them. His mother was very upset.\nJohn Enns recalls that in the 1930, they didn't know that they were particularly poor. He had a happy childhood and lots of friends. They lived partly in Winnipeg and partly in Kildonan, Winnipeg. They lived for three years at 271 Edison Ave. When his father thought that they would have more room there. They had a large yard and a strange swing built by the previous people living there. It was made of two telephone poles, and the swing had four ropes, and the swing had a board about four feet long. (He shows how it swung.) They could get three or four children on it. They had a pump there, and many people came to haul water. It was a meeting place for a lot of people and friends.\nThey must have been there in 1939, because he remembers a boy with the name Spinst who lived on Edison Ave. further down. He drove a mens' bike, it had a bar, and he couldn't reach the pedals if he was sitting on the seat, so he hang on below the bar. He had a carrier where the papers were. He remembers that in September 1939, the Winnipeg Free Press had an extra, and the boy was calling \"extra, extra, the war declared\". They had a kind of summer kitchen house in the back, and his mother was crying. It was a nice sunny day, they were playing in the yard. John Enns didn't have any thoughts about the war as a child.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=265.0,472.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: father's attitude towards Germany, conscientious objectors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=472.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that his father was also initially impressed by the reports he received from German newspapers. They didn't have a shortwave radio, so they didn't hear Hitler speak, he doesn't recall his father speaking about Hitler specifically. But his father was impressed by the economic achievements of Germany, they were \"out of the Depression\". His father was very upset about the war because Canada was fighting against Germany. His father said in the church to his flock that they can't say that they are conscientious objectors because they are Mennonites, they have to make \"personally\" that decision. His father went to court to the hearing with judge Adamson. He became very famous in Mennonite writings, and he was very hard on Mennonite young men who \"obviously had no conscience about anything\". His father spoke up for many in their church but also said that there was no such thought to expel members if they joined the army. As a young boy, he remembers a young man in an airforce uniform in their church (Schönwiese), and he was impressed. It were not many but some. Two of his brothers were conscientious objectors (COs), Siegfried and Ernie, they served in different places, in hospitals. It was a policy that one had to individually take that stand, it was not enough to be a Mennonite. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=472.0,628.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: plays, \"Glaube und Heimat\" by Karl Schönherr","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=628.0,747.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that his brother Ernie was involved in early theatrical productions by the \"Jugendverein\". They put on plays like \"Der Pascha von...\" (probably:\"Ali Pascha von Janina\"). Another play was called \"Saat und Ernte\" (Seed and Harvest) by Karl Schönherr. He tried to find it but he can't. He also wrote \"Glaube und Heimat\". Right after the war, it was played again: \"It was a wonderful play for a Mennonite audience\" because it was about the choice to keep your home or your faith. It is set in...(the interviewer says: Switzerland). John Enns corrects: Austria. It was about being either Catholic or non-Catholic. The play had a huge impact on John Enns. It was the reason why he became so much involved in theatre in Winnipeg later on. His brothers Ernie and Sigfried both had the leading roles. It was a very amateur production but it made an impression on John Enns. There was a \"military man\" kicking out the non-Catholics, and the Bauer (peasant) was his brother Siegfried. He breaks his saw across his knee as a symbol that faith is stronger than war. That was already after the war.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=628.0,747.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: friends, WWII","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=747.0,921.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that they were a large family, seven children. His uncle Wilhelm from Springstein, Manitoba, had a farm. They were poor too but they would come with skimmed milk with five gallon cream cans. They came to Winnipeg with a Ford Model T (his parents didn't have a car until 1943). There were bootleggers nearby, and he can remember that he found bottles of clear liquid. Martha Enns intervenes: When someone came to the door and ask for a drink, his mother would bring a glass of water.\nJohn Enns played street hockey, and he got along quite well with the other children. Only once, in 1943, he was about 12, they were playing hockey on shoes, not skates. He pumped into a child from across the street, he was \"a bit heavy-set\", and he said suddenly: \"dirty German\". He went home and asked his mother why he was called \"dirty German\". There was a picture of a soldier in the friend's house who called him a \"dirty German\", and his father explained John Enns that the friend's brother had just been killed in the war. His father told John Enns not to get angry. He says that this experience was \"hardly anything I'm gonna get upset about\". \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=747.0,921.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: school life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=921.0,1120.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns went to Victoria Albert school from grade 1-2, and then he moved to Kildonan, to what was called Kitchener school. He corrects himself: He took only grade 1 in Victoria Albert school, and 2, 3 and 4 at Kitchener school, and grade 5-6 again in Victoria Albert school because they moved back to Winnipeg. His father found it too hard to be the minister and take the street car all the time.\nAt North Kildonan, he can't recall any difficulties with the teacher but he got strapped a couple of times. (The interviewers are laughing.) Martha Enns intervenes: John Enns's sisters complained about anti-German teachers. John Enns continues: His sister Marlies recalled that the teacher in grade 4 was very critical of German-speaking Mennonites. John Enns says that he was maybe too small to sense that. He remembers Miss Scott in grade 2. There was a hall where they hang up their clothes. The principal was Mr. Hooper (?). It was like in a military school. The bell rang, the whole school had to line up in the central hallway according to classes. There was a gramophone in the middle of the hallway, they put it on, and John Enns still remembers the melody of the marches they played, and then they marched to their rooms. The teachers were standing beside the door of the classroom, and they had to salute the teacher when they went in (The interviewers are laughing, the interviewer says that it's \"Hitlerite\".) He recalls a student called Neufeld whom they called \"Sleepy\" because he would come late but he was a \"nice kid\". He had problems to salute properly. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=921.0,1120.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: disciplining at school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1120.0,1237.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that there was a Kain (?) family, they went to the MB (Mennonite Brethren) church. They played together. They were told not to play on the snowbank on Henderson Highway although there was not much traffic. There was an English boy, they didn't like him and were chasing him. The teacher say them, and they were sent to the principal's office. The other children told them that when Mr. Hooper would move his chair, he would move towards where the strap is. In his own mindset, John Enns thought that he would not cry if he would get strapped. The principal told them how dangerous it was what they had done. The principal strapped all three of them but John Enns was proud that he didn't cry. His main worries were that his sister Marlies would tell his mother about it but she didn't.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1120.0,1237.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: boxcars at Bergen Cutoff, Winnipeg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1237.0,1296.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that on the Bergen Cutoff, there were still tracks there, and occasionally, boxcars were lodged. The bridge was still there but not used anymore, it was already permanently open like it is now. Trains had left boxcars standing there. Someone of the older students new how to turn the breaks off, and about 25 of them pushed that car (it was an open car) and moved it. Then they saw the teachers. John Enns says that they could have killed each other under the wheels.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1237.0,1296.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: church life, farm, career of father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1296.0,1537.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that the family moved into the house beside the church on Alexander Ave., Winnipeg. Their social life was \"totally surrounded by the church\". Enns recalls that the church had \"far more too offer\", they had choirs, games, there was even a Jazz club. They put on plays and had a Sunday school program: \"The church was our home really.\" It was \"so easy to participate\" for them as they were living right beside the church.\nThe interviewer asks why the family moved from the farmhouse into Winnipeg. John Enns says: \"We were called.\" His father was a respected teacher and already had preached a view times in Muntau and Halbstadt in Russia (today Molochans'k, Ukraine). His father never was a farmer. His father and three of John Enns' uncles settled on a section of land near Ste. Elizabeth, Manitoba. John Enns said that his father did farm \"but not very well\" because he wasn't used to that, he had been a teacher in Russia, and soon got a teaching position in Altona, Manitoba. When the Schönwiese Gemeinde (community) was reasonably well-established in Winnipeg, they realized that they needed more preaching help for various groups. Ältester Klassen couldn't be everywhere, so they approached his father to be Klaasen's assistant. John Enns recalls that there was \"quite a debate\" whether his father should leave the farm or not. His father sold the farm (there was still a mortgage on it, he didn't own it). There was no down payment, so his father got only a minimal amount of money. His father arranged something with his brothers. Uncle Hermann and uncle Peter had neighbouring farms. The fourth was John Enns' mother's brother, they farmed a quarter section together. John Enns recalls that his brother Ernie was particularly sad when they left the farm, because he was already about 15-16 years old. His brother had an affection to his horses, and he was very sad because of his horses. John Enns himself doesn't even remember. John Enns suggests that the interviewers should talk to his brother Ernie (Ernest Enns), he would tell them more about the 1930s. Martha Enns intervenes: \"He's well over 80.\" John Enns says that his brother has a good memory. He lives in Autumn house on Wellington Ave., Winnipeg. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1296.0,1537.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: Ältester Johann Peter Klassen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1537.0,1667.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks about Ältester Klassen. John Enns recalls that he was the preacher of the Schönwiese community. The name is derived from the Schönwiese colony, Russia (today Ukraine). He is not sure if Klassen had \"a great deal of theological training\". He was a preacher and then became Ältester. The interviewer says that she has read that there was a division between rural and urban Mennonites, and asks if John Enns has heard about this. John Enns says that after the war, it became a \"huge issue\". The interviewer asks if that was the reason why it was difficult for his father to leave the farm. John Enns say no, they are talking of different divisions. He explains that the Schönwiese Gemeinde was the first general conference church in Winnipeg. There were many Mennonites who thought that the Mennonites should stay on the farm, that they shouldn't live in the city but at the same time, more and more Mennonites were coming to Winnipeg. It was not a conflict that was a major concern. It was known that there was a group of Mennonites already established in Winnipeg, and they needed help. Klassen belonged to a group of families that were establishing a Mennonite community in Winnipeg. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1537.0,1667.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: birth places of parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1667.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that both his parents came from the Molochna colony (Ukraine). His mother came from Muntau, his father from Samoilevka but they didn't live in a village. Many Mennonites would buy Russian nobles' estates and developed new mini-colonies within them. That's where his father was last before they came to Canada. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1667.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: division within the Mennonite community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1708.0,1802.61152"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476/index/52575/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks again about divisions within the Mennonite community. John Enns recalls that the Schönwiese Gemeinde was actually asked to leave the Canadian conference and the Mennonite conference in 1947/48. He says that that's a very sad chapter. Anna Ens (different spelling, not a relative) has written the history of that, titled \"In Search of Unity\". It was very emotional, his mother cried when people called his father. It all started with a power struggle. The Mennonites of Saskatchewan were concerned that too much power was centred in the Winnipeg area. They wanted the Canadian Mennonite Bible College to be established not in Winnipeg but in Rosthern or Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133476#t=1708.0,1802.61152"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2005-091-4156.wav"]},"duration":2195.49315,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/477/small/audio-default.png?1640664655","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/477/original/2005-091-4156.wav?1661168765","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":2195.49315,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: division within the Mennonite community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=0.0,325.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns continues to talk about a division within the Mennonite community. His father was gaining importance in the Canadian conference of Mennonites, he was vice chair. Elections were coming up, and there were \"Predigerversammlungen\" (gatherings of preachers), where preachers just met preachers. One would preach a sermon, and the others would critique it. His father was very much in favour of such things and organized many of them. Once his father was asked to give a paper and talked about Hans Denck, an early Anabaptist writer. It was about the following: If you believe in a loving God, can you really conceive that the millions of people who lived before the arrival of Christ, and the millions of people that did not have contact with Christian (e. g. \"Eskimos\"), would God really damn all these people? Hans Denck called his approach the \"Allversöhnungslehre\". That brought his father into trouble, just quoting Hans Denck. In other words, Denck said in other words that one doesn't have to believe in Christ. There were meetings where John Enns' father was so severely criticized. In Tiegenheim (?), Saskatchewan, his father came with people from Winnipeg, with Riediger of the Riediger store, four others, a Thiessen. They walked out from mass in protest that their preacher was so heavily criticized. That resulted in a rift that lasted for several years. The rift lasted for 18 years in the Manitoba conference. The whole family was considered sinners, they didn't take part in the choir and the Sängerfest (singer contest) anymore. It was a traumatic experience for them. His father had worked so hard to develop the conferences in Southern Manitoba. John Enns thinks that in retrospect, his father was wrong in some respects. His father thought that the Schönwiese Gemeinde which had over 30 branches should have been in the Manitoba conference. That was wishful thinking on his father's part. He doesn't think that it was a \"self-aggrandisement plan\". It was a very serious whiff for John Enns. In 1951, there was a meeting in the basement of their church, and John Enns confronted the head of the Canadian conference. He asked him how he could call his father this and that a few years ago. The re-union of the Schönwiese church with the Canadian conference was partly due to the intervention of the American conference based in Newton, Kansas. They came and mediated between the Schönwiese church and the Canadian conference. At a conference in Surrey, BC, there was in fact a reunification. All the criticism of his father was public, there were \"terribly critical articles\" about his father and their church. There were also public speeches and announcements, \"and then the healing was done very quietly in a room somewhere\". John Enns says that it was unfair, and he asked people to get up and say how wrong that was what they had done. His father also didn't want publicity but John Enns \"couldn't stand that\". His father was very angry of him for \"making such a fuss about that but that's, that was me.\" (They are all laughing.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=0.0,325.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: mother's family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=325.0,365.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns recalls that her mother lived in a mill near Berdyans'k (Ukraine), a Black Sea harbour. They are looking at a family picture. Her mother's family was quite wealthy. Her mother's maiden name was Albrecht. Her grandfather the Schulze (mayor) of Halbstadt (Molochans'k, Ukraine).","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=325.0,365.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: names of siblings, death of sister, father's education in Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=365.0,714.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns talks about a picture taken around 1939 when he was 9 or 10. He is far right in the picture. It must have been an important event because they didn't have their own camera. His mother cut his hair...Martha Enns adds: with a bowl. (The interviewers are laughing). John Enns says that his mother didn't use a bowl. The tall one is Ernest (9 years older than John), then Sig (Siegfried), Marlies. There was one daughter that didn't survive in Russia, and his father wrote a short story about her. She was two or three years old, his parents were already \"in poor, poor circumstances\", in a house with a mud floor, and the used a pitchfork for the straw. His father blamed himself for leaving the pitchfork there. The pitchfork fell over and scratched the child, it looked like a surface wound but it was deeper, and the girl died in seizures. It broke the parents' heart when she died. The girl was called Johanna, she was the next child after Ernest. Siegfried is four years younger than Ernest, he is 81 now. After that, there were children every two years. There were seven of them, and there would have been eight if Johanna had lived. John Enns recalls again the names of his siblings: Ernst, Siegfried, Selma, Marlies, Johann (himself). John Enns switches to German: When I was called Johann, they thought: Finally a good name! He switches back to English: His sister Selma was called after Selma Lagerlöf (Swedish author). Ernst and Siegfried weren't typical Mennonite names either. Martha Enns intervenes in a mixture of German and English: Siegfried comes from Richard Wagner. Marlies was actually Maria Luise, the name got changed to Marlies. The youngest siblings were called Harry and Heinz. Asked why his parents called him Johann, the only biblical name of all siblings, John Enns says he doesn't know. Martha Enns recalls that she was surprised that her husband's family was \"so worldly\". She says that her husband's parents were trained in literature before religion.\nJohn Enns continues: His father went to Moscow to attend the teachers' seminar. His father wrote a report to the people of Samoilovka before he left. He has this report, it is hand-written in Gothic script. His father made interesting comments about his experiences in Moscow. On the one hand, his father was impressed by the lectures, on the other hand he is not so impressed by the worldliness. His father stated that there was a need to spend more money on school materials and books. His father strangely signed the document with \"Ens\", not \"Enns\" as usually. John Enns never asked his father about this, he saw the report only after his death. His father left \"many, many papers\", he was also a journalist and writer. His father also kept a great correspondence with all kinds of people. His father even kept in touch with Martha's parents during the war. Martha Enns intervenes: It must have been in the first year of the war. Samoilovka was where John Enns' parents taught, they were born in Halbstadt. John Enns continues: He doesn't know exactly where his parents were born, he should know but he doesn't, he thinks in Halbstadt.\n\n\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=365.0,714.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=714.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked whether their parents knew each other in Russia, John and Martha Enns say no but both their parents belonged to the Schönwiese community in Russia. They got to know each other in Canada through the church. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=714.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: picture of the German Day in Winnipeg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=738.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns talks about a picture of the German Day in Winnipeg. There were German Days for several years. German Saturday school students were all told  to go to River Park on that particular Sunday. River Park doesn't exist anymore, it's where Princess Elizabeth Hospital is located now, and Riverview Health Centre. There was an open area fenced for sporting events and picnics. John Enns can't recall exactly what happened there, they had food and snacks. There were also some speeches but he can't recall anything of them. The picture is titled: \"Kinderchorfest der deutschen Schule\" (Children's choir festival of the German school). All German Saturday schools were invited to come there. They came from different churches (MB, Lutheran, Catholic), \"it wasn't a Mennonite thing\". John Enns identifies himself in the front row, third from right. John Enns says that there were the Canadian and the Manitoba flags, as well as the German flag with the Hakenkreuz (swastika). Martha Enns says no but John Enns says that he is sure that there was a swastika. There is also the German consul in the picture, he gave a speech. John Enns doesn't really remember what they did there. Martha Enns can't find herself but she thinks that her sister is in the picture. John Enns says that one sister and at least one brother is also in the picture.\nMartha Enns recalls that it was \"more a cultural event\". Everything had to do with Germanness. She says that they spoke German because they liked the literature and the music. She didn't think badly of being... John Enns intervenes: They sang songs in a mass choir, there was a conductor, and he thinks that all the teachers in the German schools had been told to learn a couple of songs (not many, it was not a choral event). Martha Enns remarks that there is really a Hakenkreuz (swastika) in this picture. The interviewer says that she has read about the German Days in Winnipeg, and the whole bottom of the stage was full of swastikas, and people are dancing on the stage. Martha Enns identifies the choir conductor, Mr. Wehler (?).\nJohn Enns continues: He can vaguely recall that \"a certain suspicion\": He mother was \"not that enthusiastic\" about the German Day. He doesn't know why, maybe it was that his parents wanted them more to stick with the Mennonites, maybe it was because of the \"Nazi stuff\", he doesn't know, maybe a combination of both. The picture was taken in May 1936 before they moved to Edison Ave. Later, he didn't take part anymore. He wonders whether or not it was a conscious decision not to participate anymore in 1937, 1938 and 1939. John Enns remembers that participants of the German Day got a free street car ride in Winnipeg. Martha Enns intervenes: \"So it wasn't all that bad.\" (She laughs.) \"It wasn't bad at all.\"\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=738.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: Social activities, dancing after WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1097.0,1307.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: relatives in Kansas, parents' immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1307.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls that his brothers and he had the unique experience of driving to some distant relatives' homes near Newton, Kansas. His great-grandfather on his mother's side, Peter Unruh, is buried there. His great-grandfather and six of his seven children came to Kansas within the 1874 era. John Enns' maternal grandfather Heinrich Unruh, a \"Prediger\" (preacher), was the only of the siblings who stayed in Russia, he died there in 1928 and is buried at an unknown place. John Enns says that his great-grandfather (and his great-grandmother Sara) are buried in Kansas, his grandfather is buried in what is now Ukraine, and his father in Canada. He visited his great-grandparents' grave and met his distant cousins, one of whom still lives in the farmhouse built by his great-grandfather. They came in 1874 with some money, not like his parents after the revolution. Martha Enns intervenes: The official language in the United States could have been German.\nJohn Enns recalls that his brothers and he had the unique experience of driving to some distant relatives' homes near Newton, Kansas. His great-grandfather on his mother's side is buried there. His great-grandfather and six of his seven children came to Kansas within the 1874 era. John Enns' maternal grandfather was the only of the siblings who stayed in Russia, he died there in 1928 and is buried at an unknown place. John Enns says that his great-grandfather is buried in Kansas, his grandfather in what is now Ukraine, and his father in Canada. He visited his great-grandparents' grave and met his distant cousins, one of whom still lives in the farmhouse built by his great-grandfather. They came in 1874 with some money, not like his parents after the revolution. Martha Enns intervenes: The official language in the United States could have been German. John Enns adds: \"In some states\". Martha Enns recalls: Today, nobody of them speaks German anymore, some speak some Low German.\nJohn Enns explains that his parents didn't have a \"Reiseschuld\" (travel debt) as did most of the 1920s Mennonite immigrants because they were helped by their relatives in Kansas. His relatives kept the letters written by his parents. He found a letter of 1926 between Christmas and New Years, the first full year of being in Ste. Elizabeth. When they visited their relatives, the latter couldn't read the letter anymore, and Martha Enns translated it for them. John Enns says that it is a moving letter. His parents apologized for not being able to pay the loan but they enclosed a 12 dollars money order for interest for a Mrs. Schmidt. John Enns thinks that a consortium of relatives sent them the money, for two brothers born in Russia and his parents. Martha Enns intervenes: \"But they could spare only 12 dollars.\"\nJohn Enns says that he would like to know what the total amount was. In the mid-1930s, they made the last payment to their relatives in Kansas. It was not long before Christmas, and his father told his mother that they had to pay that off. There would be very little Christmas gifts, and they were living on credit from month to month at the grocery store (this practice was called \"anschreiben\"). John Enns knows from his brother Ernie that  postal money order  came back. The relatives said that the Enns family had seven children, and they didn't need the last payment. Ernie told John Enns how moved their mother was, it was like a gift from heaven, they had a little more money for Christmas. John Enns would like to know what amount of money it was. They told their relatives in Kansas this story, the latter had long forgotten about this. John Enns says that it was a moving reunion and a wonderful time with them. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1307.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John and Martha Enns: Language use, a German songbook","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1588.0,1781.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha and John Enns always spoke German with their parents. John Enns says that he never went to a private school although MCI (Mennonite Collegiate Institute) already existed but his parents couldn't afford to send him there. He and his siblings went only to public schools, and with the time, the spoke English amongst themselves. John Enns spoke High German at home, Martha Enns Low German. Martha Enns took German classes in school, and her German improved in Germany. John Enns says that they heard only German churches until adulthood. John Enns wanted to keep his German more than his brothers and sisters and became active in German theatre. John Enns states that keeping the German language was very important to his parents. John Enns actively organized a program called \"Enns Family and Friends Singers\". He regrets that his parents didn't live to see their children and grandchildren taking part in a primarily German program. They sang many German songs at home, his mother played the piano. His parents brought an expensive \"Liederbuch\" (songbook) from Russia with them, published in Germany, hard-cover. There were both classical and \"Volkslieder\" (folks songs) in it. Martha Enns thinks it was called \"Das Goldene Buch der Lieder\" (The Golden Book of Songs) but John Enns thinks it was a different book. John Enns recalls that all the patriotic German songs were blacked out with heavy blacked ink in his parents' books. All references to Germany were gone, e. g. \"Deutschland, Deutschland, über alles\". He explains this that his parents were afraid to be caught with that book and that it would be confiscated in Moscow on their way to Canada. They still have that book.\nMartha Enns asks if she should make the \"girls\" (the interviewers) a sandwich. They say that they are fine. John Enns says that he has some other things to do. The interviewer say that they are almost done.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1588.0,1781.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha and John Enns: identity, Hitler Youth, reflections on the Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1781.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks Martha and John Enns about their cultural identity. Martha Enns says she would identify herself as \"definitely both\" (German and Canadian, she laughs). John Enns says that he feels more and more German, he reads as much German now as he reads English. They subscribe to Deutsche Welle TV. Martha Enns says: \"You're more German than I am\". John Enns says that Germany is not an ideal place but during his last trip to Germany, he felt \"basically home\" in many places.\nMartha Enns recalls that she belonged to the Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth), she got into there automatically. They had marching songs but also cultural groups. They would sit in a circle and recite poems.  It was \"such a civility, really, you know?\" She \"longed for that input, the cultural input\", when she came back to Canada in 1950: \"Well, Hitler, yes, it's one crazy man that upset the whole system. First he did good, and then he went crazy. That's how I see it.\" When she became a nurse, \"this Jewish thing didn't bother me at all. I treated my Jewish patients like just any others, Polish or Ukrainian or German, you know? The were Canadian. It didn't affect me at all that he (Hitler) was against the Jews, not at all.\"\nJohn and Martha Enns say that they find it terrible that a country that \"has so much to offer\" like Germany could \"allow that\" (the Holocaust). John Enns says that he \"still can't comprehend it.\"\nJohn Enns recalls that he heard so often from post WW II-immigrants from Germany that they had not known about the Holocaust. For him, it's hard to believe. There was a statue of Mendelssohn in Leipzig, and it was removed during the Third Reich (the composer was Jewish). John Enns says that the mayor resigned, he couldn't accept that. There was a statue of Riel in Winnipeg that was also removed after some debates. John Enns can't understand why there wasn't more opposition against Hitler, why he succeeded politically. Martha Enns intervenes: \"Because people had jobs.\" (She laughs.) ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=1781.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns: a Valentine's Day card","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=2032.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Enns recalls a story about his brother (Ernie). When he started school in Ste. Elizabeth, he had never been in an English public school before. It was in the 1920s. He told their mother that they need to have something for Valentine's Day. Their mother didn't know what it was, and John's brother explained that it had to do with a heart on a paper that had to be given to someone in school. Their uncle Kolya would help his brother. There were five families in one house in the first winter. Kolya drew on wrapping paper a man standing by a tree, and there was another man with a gun pointing to the man. Under the tree, they wrote \"Bolshevik\". Somebody is shooting the Bolshevik who had killed hundreds of Mennonites. Then they drew a heart. (All burst out laughing.) John Enns explains that they all had just escaped the horrors of Bolshevism, and uncle Kolya drew what was in his mind.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=2032.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns: internment camp in Denmark","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=2132.0,2195.49315"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477/index/52576/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martha Enns says to her husband who had talked about five families in a house: \"You should have been in an internment camp!\". She was in an internment camp in Denmark as refugees from Eastern Germany. She says that about 20 people had to live in a \"room like this\". It got better later on, but a year and a half, they were in an interment camp \"because we were German. (She laughs.) Oh Boy!\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58858/file/133477#t=2132.0,2195.49315"}]}]}]}