{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/m03xs5k70p/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Barbara Banman (née Enns)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Banman, Barbara (Interviewee)","Kampen, Christine (Interviewer)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-05-05 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 1:31:11","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["gf06g3784 (avalonid)","LC196 (other)","2005-091-4755 (local)","2005-091-4756 (local)","2005-091-4757 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","immigration (topical)","religion (topical)","occupations (topical)","sexual harassment (topical)","food relief (topical)","Steinbach, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-03"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Includes some German (language)","Interviewee: Banman, Barbara (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kampen, Christine (creation/production)","Interviewer: Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/111/small/audio-default.png?1640638875","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2005-091-4755.wav"]},"duration":1893.26222,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/111/small/audio-default.png?1640638875","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/111/original/2005-091-4755.wav?1660937239","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1893.26222,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family background, Russian Civil War and famine in Eastern Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=7.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barbara Banman (née Enns) was born in Russia (\"in the Ukraine\", actually) in on October 31, 1918. It was \"just after the World War stopped\". Then \"the communists took over, communism means that everybody shares, we are all the same, nobody has more than the other one\".  Banman's parents and grandparents had a lot of land, they had worked hard. They had come from Prussia years ago, in 1804. They had \"a big what you would call a ranch now\". They owned a lot of sheep, horses and cattle, and employed local people, \"the Russians from the villages, they had a very good relationship with them\". She refers to a Mennonite historian who maintained that \"all people treated the Russians worse than dogs, and that's not true\". Her parents had a \"great relationship with them\". The people they hired came from the villages, and during the winter, they went home for one month. According to Banman, they \"cried and didn't want to go home because they (her parents) had built nice little cottages for them, they had nice warm beds, they always had enough to eat\". Banman again refutes the statements of the aforementioned historian who claimed that the Mennonites were ashamed to teach Russian: \"My mum and dad loved Russian, they spoke it till they died, practically\". Banman's sister who was eight when they came to Canada spoke nothing but Russian. Banman recalls that her family \"got caught up in this whole thing\". They had to leave \"when the communists got in\". They were \"raping and stealing, and they kept right on doing it\". They did not attack the bigger villages. There was a lot of industry the Mennonites had put up. The communists \"got the ranches, estates they called them, they were isolated.\" The teaching of the Mennonites was that you would not shoot, not even to protect yourself, and people knew that, so they would come and \"attack families, and rape and kill\". A man who had worked for her father was a leader of the \"Makhnovtsy\" and warned the family. At night, Banman's parents, uncle and aunt, and grandparents left with long wagons pulled by horses or oxen. They packed the children, clothing, food, and took off at night, on side roads, for Halbstadt (today Molochans'k, Ukraine). The Mennonites in Halbstadt took the refugees in: \"Mennonites always had a reputation of looking after their people.\" They lived with Mrs. Unruh, for a couple of years until they got their passports. Mrs. Unruh who was a widow gave them half of her house. Her parents moved in there with 4 little children. Her uncle and aunt were living at the other side of the street, they were also taken in by someone. Banman recalls that her family came with nothing. At that time, the Mennonite churches in Canada had heard that people were starving because there was a big famine. The crops were burned and destroyed, the cattle was killed. A relief was organized by the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) in Halbstadt which was one of the biggest centres. The relief kept them alive. Banman remembers that she and her sister Margret who was one year younger walked down the street with a little pail to get soup. Everything was rationed. The government had lost control because everything had been destroyed. All the churches were closed. Her mother's sister was sent to Siberia later in life, her two young children were taken from her. The reason was that somebody had said that she had sang a religious song with her children. However, Banman remembers that they were very protected. Nowadays, people are in stress but Banman doesn't remember anybody screaming or yelling at each other then, \"with all the hardships they went through\". Her parents had \"a room and a half with four little girls\". Banman states that they still maintained their faith, they were \"always thankful for something\": \"They still were together, my dad had not been murdered, my mother had not been raped.\" Banman recalls stories told by her mother: When a house was searched during the night, the people who came checked the beds, and if they were warm, they knew that someone was hiding there. Banman recalls that her mother and her aunt were not angry at God. They were happy that they were altogether in Halbstadt. The Mennonites shared their food with them too, they had a lot of rice and noodles because that does not go bad. Her mother would cook rice with an onion, and put it in the soup. Banman and her sisters didn't like that soup anymore, \"no meat in there, nothing\". Her mother told them that people who don't like rice can't go to Canada (they already knew about Canada then). \"So we did, we swallowed.\" Her mother didn't know what to say: \"Can you imagine, rice, and onion, and water?\"\nHer parents had to deal with what was happening with their families, there was no way of communicating at all, they just heard horror stories. Banman recalls what happened to her father's uncle and his family: The dogs were in the yard, pulling out the bones of the people who had been massacred. Banman refers to a professor of Ukrainian Studies in Edmonton, Alberta, who wrote a study on what was happening at that time. Percentage-wise it was worse to what happened to \"our people\" than what Hitler did because \"it was just the Jews who got it, and that was terrible, there is no way undermining that\". Banman claims that \"percentage-wise, our people\" suffered more. Asked if she is talking about the ethnic Germans, Banman specifies that she is talking about the Mennonites who suffered because of their faith, their German language, and they were \"enemies because of the war\" (WW I). Before that, there had never been any problems. There were also Lutherans. Banman recalls that everyone who did not renounce one's faith suffered. The churches were closed and used as cinemas or to store grain. Banman talks about a film (a documentary) made by Otto Klassen on that period. Mennonites had always been persecuted for their faith. The film is shown to the youth at Mennonite churches, it is titled \"Remembering Our Mennonite Heritage\" (2007). Banman recalls the general history of the Mennonites in Russia and their achievements in agriculture \"in the Ukraine\". It was \"steppes and Prairie, and very, very good farmland\". Her father always said that the top side was a foot deep, which is very good for farming. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=7.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=951.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman remembers when they boarded the train to leave the Soviet Union for Canada (in 1924), traveling via Great Britain. Their first stop was in Riga, Latvia, which was just across the border: \"Once you were there, you were out of the hands of the Russians, the communists. They couldn't touch you\". Periodically, when that train would stop, the communists would come on board and take several persons who were never seen again. What they wanted was to \"show authority: I'm in control, you're not.\" Banman describes the last stop before they came to Riga \"through the Red Gate\". They made a fire with the last Russian money to cook tea: \"That's how they trusted God that they'd get through.\" Banman still vividly remembers the scene of people sitting and drinking tea although she was only 6 years old then. They were singing and crying, \"because they did have a wonderful country there\". Once they got through that gate, they got a feeling of how relieved everybody was. They all got through to Riga, Latvia. There they embarked on a ship to Southampton, England, where they had go through the \"health thing\". They were \"very fussy\" whether they would get to Canada or not. They stayed in barracks in Southampton. However, she does not have any bad memories: \"They were happy, happy, happy, thanking God that they were out of there. Russia was behind, and the communists wouldn't get them there.\" Not all the fathers and mothers were there, some had been killed, some had been raped.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=951.0,1142.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coping with atrocities, Mennonite faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1142.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The mother of her husband's cousin was gang-raped, she had died in Russia. When that cousin got older, he wanted to find out what had happened to his mother, and found out the truth. Banman recalls that \"our people\" nevertheless always found something to be thankful for. Banman remembers that the Mennonites thanked God for the relief organization during the famine, and that they got through that Red Gate without anybody else being taken off. Banman's parents didn't talk much about what they had gone through. Later on, Banman and her sisters said that they should have gotten their parents to do an interview but they had not want to. Banman thinks that their memories were so bad; they had to watch what happened to people in their family: \"Can you imagine, watching these guys raping your daughter? You're tied up, you know? They could have really lost their faith completely because: 'God, where are you finally, where are you?'\" Praying did not help but nevertheless helped them to survive. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1142.0,1264.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Voyage to Canada, coping with atrocities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1264.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman recalls that they got onto the ship \"Empress of France\", she has somewhere a picture of that ship. Everybody was \"very, very sea-sick\". They were all undernourished. She always tells her grandchildren that she got her first orange there, she can still smell it. Oranges were part of the food they were served there on the ship, they weren't used to that. A lot of people got sick because their stomachs weren't used to that food. Banman's mother was very sick. Her mother recalled that the worst thing the women feared was rape. If a woman was pregnant, they left her alone, and she wasn't raped. Banman's mother-in-law had been also very sea-sick. Later in life (she died at the age of 93 in a care home in Steinbach, Manitoba), she would scream at night, she had nightmares. The nurse there said to Banman that she doesn't know what to do with her mother-in-law. Her mother-in-law had nightmares that if they didn't want to look after her anymore, they would roll her up in a wet sheet and throw her into the water. Her memories came back to her at age 93. Banman told the nurse that she (the nurse) had got a degree but she should remember that she had to work with different people, and they all had their life experiences.\nBanman grew up in Grunthal, Manitoba. There were a lot of Mennonites there, and they had their own church, and her parents got a lot of visiting all the time with horse and buggy. When the children were in a different room, Banman could hear (through the walls) her parents and their guests discussing their experiences back in Russia, \"and they were comforting each other. The women would cry.\" Banman states that they \"were sharing things, and that kept them on going and kept them strong\". Banman emphasizes again that it was the faith that helped her parents to cope with their traumatic experiences. (Banman's husband Jacob Banman walks in, Banman introduces him as her \"better half\". The husband asks the interviewers if his wife can give them \"some advice or some insights\". The interviewers state that what she tells them \"is great\".) ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1264.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A family-passport picture, Banman's sisters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1507.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They look at a family picture. Banman explains that it was their passport photo they were using when they came to Canada. The whole family used one passport. Banman describes the persons in the picture: Her father, her mother who was 36 at that time, and the girls. One little girl died, she was born premature, and did not make it. Her sister Mary was under two pounds when she was born, that was in Halbstadt, her parents already had lost everything and were living with Mrs. Unruh. They thought that Mary was dead, and all the Sunday, they put her on the step, and then she started to cry and they understood that she was alive. Eventually, Mary survived. The interviewer states that she is amazed that she survived, and Banman says that \"she was a miracle baby, really\". \"It was supposed to be, that's what my mother took it.\"\nBanman's sister Margaret Quiring became a well-known painter, a lot of her pictures were sold. Her oldest son has a pencil drawing she did on the back of a calendar because that was all the paper she had. That was in 1925. It depicts a deer coming out of the bush. All her family are hunters and fishers, Banman has three sons, so she will write a book \"How to survive with four Banmans\" (she laughs). The Japanese consul wanted some original Western Canadian art when he went back, and he bought three of Margaret's paintings, they are now in Japan. At Concordia Hospital (in Winnipeg, Manitoba), there is a big mural at the wall made by her sister. Banman and her sisters \"barely made it through grade 8\" but times changed very much. Margaret's daughter got a degree in pharmacy, her younger daughter Heidi Lynn Quiring became Miss Canada. She was first Miss Manitoba, then Miss Canada, and went to Australia for the Miss Universe contest but did not make it there. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1507.0,1725.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Reiseschuld\", Mennonite faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1725.0,1893.26222"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111/index/52068/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman recalls that her children had the opportunity to try different things but \"we had no choice\". Banman would have loved to go to university \"but I had no choice\", they had a \"Reiseschuld\" (loans for their trip to Canada that the Mennonites had to pay back). Banman's father always said: \"Das war ein Ehrenwort.\" (It was a word of honor). Ältester Thiessen had negotiated that settlement with the Canadian government, and the Mennonites had pledges to pay back their debts to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company (CPR). Mister Thiessen had put his reputation on the line.\nBanman again starts to talk in detail about the film on Mennonite history by Otto Klassen. She states that \"all of our people could have turned to communists in Russia and stay there\" but they didn't because of their strong faith. The first things the Mennonites did in Grunthal, Manitoba, was to take an old school house which they got for free and make a church out of it. The first thing the Mennonites did when they crossed the Red Gate was to hold a church service. They sang \"Nun danket alle Gott\". Banman can still hear that song. The Mennonites in the United States that had helped them come earlier and were already established but when they heard that \"their brothers and sisters\" were starving, they right away arranged help.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133111#t=1725.0,1893.26222"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2005-091-4756.wav"]},"duration":1928.92807,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/112/small/audio-default.png?1640639009","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/112/original/2005-091-4756.wav?1660937262","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1928.92807,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sexual harassment, domestic work in Winnipeg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=11.0,534.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman recalls that she and her sisters had to work to pay the land tax. They earned a few measly dollars but at that time, 5 dollars was 5 dollars. For eight years, from 1933 when she started working at age 15, to 1942 when she got married, she got 5 dollars a month. She eventually went up to 30 dollars after eight years. That meant working - it was not the way it is now, they did not have all the conveniences. It meant cleaning the floor with terpentine, the wood floor, to get the marks off. Then she had to put the polisher up and down on her knees to wax the floor again. They never complained to their mother because she was crying at home that something could happen to them. They felt that they were looked after due to their faith - again, the Mennonites in the United States offered them help. \nShe asks the interviewers if they want to talk about sexual harassment. The came to Winnipeg at the age of 16, \"fresh from the farm, from a safe community\", they were \"exposed to everything\". Banman worked for four different families. At one place, the man of the house had always been very polite to her. When she was lifting up something in the kitchen, the man would stand behind her and touch her neck. She turned around and said \"Don't you ever touch me again!\" The man never did, and he was very polite afterwards. But there were Ukrainian girls...According to Banman, the Ukrainian and English girls came to town \"just to get away from the farm, and they could keep all their money. And they envied us that we had a home to go to, you know.\" Banman realized how churches \"can be concerned and have a reason to be concerned\". Banman talks about reverend Enns, the interviewers tell her that they have interviewed two of his sons, John and Ernie. Enns was what you call in German a \"Seelsorger\" (pastor). He was like a father when he came to their home to talk to them. Enns would tell them how to cope with their \"Heimweh, there is no English word really\" (homesickness). They should cry because \"Ein Mensch der nicht Heimweh hatte, hat keine Seele.\" (A man who has never been homesick has no soul.) Two ladies, Miss Epp and her sister controlled a bunch of 16-year-old girls in Winnipeg. They asked where they had been, \"and that kept us in line\". Her parents would worry less because there was somebody watching them. The churches realized that something needed to be done. The Ukrainian girls would wonder why nobody cared for them. Banman would go with Ukrainian girls for coffee together. If families had small children, they had take them for a walk in the afternoon, so they did that together with neighbours. There was also a nice English girl across the street. Banman repeats that the non-Mennonites envied them that they had a place to go. They could have showers there, and on the third floor (of the so-called \"Mädchen-Heim\") they could have parties, some would get married there. A lot of Banman's friends from those days have died already but many of them kept very close contact later on, and they had a lot of fun sharing what experiences they had. All the girls worked in homes, and they would have Sunday dinners there. Banman learned that men would keep their hands off and respect her when she said: \"Never do that again!\" Banman repeats that the English and Ukrainian girls they were laughing and giggling with had nobody who watched them what they were doing over the week. The girls would say: \"You're so lucky\".\nAsked about whether she reported incidents of harassment to somebody, Banman states that she thinks that she was wiser than most of the girls today, although there is a lot of talk about harassment in offices today. They were brought up to be firm. At one place, they had a lot of cocktail parties, and they were \"high up at the social ladder in Winnipeg, I can mention names, some of them are still in the society pages\". Banman had already told her boss: \"Don't touch me ever again\". Her boss told one of the guest who had \"a spark on her\": \"Don't touch Barbara, she doesn't like it!\" Some of the other girls would be in the kitchen drinking with her boss but she would not touch cocktails. The people she worked for were \"baptized people\" who belonged to one of the churches in Winnipeg. Her boss told her to say a prayer for him, but she told him to do his own prayer. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=11.0,534.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A blacklist at the  \"Mädchenheim\", domestic work, work ethics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=534.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks if it is true that some families were blacklisted at the \"Mädchenheim\" for bad treatment of domestic workers. Banman recalled that Miss Epp was called \"Mama\" by the girls. She kept a list of homes where the girls should not work, e. g. because harassment was reported. Banman explains that some of these women (employers) could have all the help they needed for the house, for 5-10 dollars a month, and they did not have to get up for the children. Banman recalls that she would work in the basement ironing (the irons had to be unplugged when they got too hot, and sometimes, there were eight shirts in the laundry). Banman had to interrupt the ironing to answer the phone while the lady would be sitting in the living room reading. She knew the call was for her but would not answer the phone herself. Then the lady would come and say \"Thank you, Barbara, for answering the phone\". Banman would have to go to the basement and start anew with the shirt. With today's material, you don't have to do hardly any ironing but at that time, it was different. At one place, her employer lost his cufflinks, and accused her of taking them. Later, he found them but never apologized. When Banman quit to get married (in 1942), the lady she worked for... At that time, the Japanese were taken from the coast into Manitoba \"because they were all spies\". Some of theses Japanese had had very nice gardens, orchards or fisheries in B. C., and they had to leave everything and were transported inland. The lady said that she would get one of the Japanese girls after Banman quit but later she wrote her a letter (she got the address from the girls' home) and asked her if she knew a nice Mennonite girl willing to work in Winnipeg. The Japanes girls were educated, they had degrees, and they were \"at the mercy of the government at that time\" but they didn't know how to handle housework, they were not used to it. Banman recalls that she had got 30 dollars at the end of her term there. Banman explained to her former employer that all her girlfriends were already married and had their own children. Banman found out that her employer went through all her drawers on Thursday as the lady suspected that she was hiding something. The lady never found anything. Banman says she would not blame the lady. Asked whether working for that family was an overall good experience, Banman says it was, it made her \"responsible for my actions\", and her decisions. Banman was interviewed in a survey conducted by the government several years ago. They came once a month over a whole year, to see what changes had taken place. Banman was asked about her university degree, and Banman explained that she has a university degree in \"home economics\" from the \"school of life\". (The interviewers laugh.) Banman learned to make the best of a particular situation. Banman's second son is a medical doctor, living in California. When he studied medicine, some of his colleagues were from well-off families. Banman and her husband had a Volkswagen station, a garage then, and all three boys had to work there in the summer. In the third year at university, he wanted to go to Europe with friends but his parents told him that he had to work hard if he didn't want to sell cars for the rest of his life. Banman's son worked very hard and did very well. Years later, two of Banman's sons went to Europe together. Today, the situation is much different: \"Sometimes, I tend to be envious.\" The satisfaction of Banman's generation was that all their children \"did very well\". Most of her girlfriends married farmers. Banman recalls that many of them have already passed away.\n\n\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=534.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reiseschuld","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=534.0,1083.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite \"Reiseschuld\" (transportation debt)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1083.0,1228.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For Banman's father, it was a tremendously important moment when he got a paper that he had repaid his \"Reiseschuld\" (transportation debt). Her father framed it and put it on the wall. They look at this document, it's from 1941: \"Payment received in full. Canadian-Mennonite Board of Colonization.\" Banman's parents always said: \"Das ist ein Ehrenwort.\" (It's a word of honour.) They never had a car or telephone at home. Some of \"our people\" (Mennonites) did not pay back the \"Reiseschuld\". The board set a date, and the CPR would give them \"a good deal on it\". Banman recalls that the church in Grunthal collected money to pay the \"Reiseschuld\" for those few who had not paid, \"and that was interest on interest\". Banman and her three sisters were \"very conscious\" that the money they earned would not be used: \"We are here because the government helped us out.\" Banman's parents \"never looked back, they thanked God everyday that Canada opened its doors\", and that other Mennonites had worked with the government to make a deal, because Banman's family had had no money. The interviewer asks Banman if she ever felt resentful that all of her money was used to pay back her parents' debts. Banman says no, she felt \"a sense of family and responsibility\". She understood that what had happened to her parents wasn't their fault, \"it was the fact that they did not want to renounce their faith\".  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1083.0,1228.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conscientious objectors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1228.0,1326.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman's husband was a conscientious objector (CO) in WW II. This afternoon, she and her husband go to a funeral of one of her husbands colleagues from this time. Later on, they \"did a thing on CBC one time\" (on conscientious objectors). Her husband's boss was a Mister Brooks who was swearing all the time. On CBC, they took interviews of those responsible for conscientious objectors, some of them had been working in mental hospitals. Mr Brooks was also interviewed. He stated that he had never heard such good singing and so much praying. The Mennonite ministers would visit the CO-camps on Sundays. Banman states that \"our people\" (the Mennonites) have a very good system of looking after each other. The ministers felt responsible \"because these boys\" were in the CO-camp \"because of what the church was teaching\". ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1228.0,1326.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conscientious objectors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1228.0,1326.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Makhnovtsy, Mennonite pacifism, work ethnics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1326.0,1705.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman talks about the Makhnovtsy. They were bandits. They knew very well that the Mennonites would not use force when they drove into these small Mennonite villages. The situation got so bad that young Mennonite men rode out to meet them, and they were shooting in the air: \"The bandits did not trust them, they might be shooting them too\". Banman never heard that Mennonites killed anybody.\nAsked if she thinks that the attitude of the Mennonites has changed, Banman says yes. She thinks that through education and going to university \"different ideas came along\".\nBanman says that the generation of her grandchildren have it better than their children, they have more money. That is a result of hard work: \"Steinbach is what it is because of entrepreneurs\". Smaller communities are also nice (she names a few) \"but they are not getting anywhere.\" Steinbach is flourishing because of the \"work ethnic\". Because of intermarriage, \"the German work ethic is going to fall away\". Banman's sons had to work hard, her husband was \"hard on them\". Their oldest son Bob had to sell gas as soon as he was old enough. Her husband didn't have money to hire someone full-time. Bob didn't want to go back to work because his father had yelled at him in front of customers. Banman had to do a lot of talking \"so that they could communicate again\". Banman thinks that her son's experiences helped him to build his character. \nAsked about pacifism among Mennonites today, Banman recalls that she does not approve that there are youth pastors because she prefers one \"church family\" instead of different categories of people, and the \"communication is left behind\". \"Family\" means to her from 2-months old babies to people aged 100, there is one lady in her church who is nearly 100 and who is in a care home. She states that it is useful to connect to everyone and not only to your generation. She doesn't know \"if it came to a test, how many of our people would be strong on that\" (on pacifism). In the generation of her husband, \"they all went\" to a CO-camp, especially the \"Russländer\" (the recent immigrants from Russia). Her husband, her husband's brother and most of the fiancés or husbands of her girlfriends had to go to such camps for four months. Her husband made a lot of good friends there, \"they were all in the same boat\". Later on, they would get together \"and reminisce a bit\". Most of them are dead now. Banman doesn't know how strong the youth pastors are \"teaching the pacifism that we were taught\". ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1326.0,1705.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being German during WW II, domestic work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1705.0,1928.92807"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112/index/52067/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman recalls that when the war broke out, the people in Winnipeg knew that she was German. She wasn't allowed to speak German on the phone. When her mother phoned her, she was not allowed to speak German to her (at one place). She worked for four different families: \"The one who did not go to church all the time were the best. I don't know why. I thought about it lots of times.\" Another lady she worked for was \"very, very devout. She had church meetings at her house all the time, and church teas\". Banman was not allowed to work on Sundays but was also not allowed to go to church because it was not a day off. So she had to stay home, and make a few sandwiches for the evening meal. The last people she works for were the ones who never went to church. She was allowed to talk in German with her mother on the phone. When her mother was in Winnipeg in the hospital, her employer gave her a ride to the hospital: \"They were very, very...human, I would say.\" Banman underlines that doing domestic work was a \"real school of life.\" In the summer time, she went to Fort William/Port Arthur, Ontario, with her employers to look after the children. They were living in the house of her employer's sister-in-law. Her son was at home, \"a good-looking guy\". She had to read to the children in the evenings. She would also make up stories, she was a very good story-teller. The guy was not nice to her, and the children must have told their mother. Her employer promised her that it would never happen again. She recalls that some of the other girls went out with a guy they had met \"just last night\". \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133112#t=1705.0,1928.92807"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2005-091-4757.wav"]},"duration":1650.75302,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/113/small/audio-default.png?1640639123","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/113/original/2005-091-4757.wav?1660937284","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1650.75302,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting her husband, family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=10.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman recalls how she met her husband. Many of Banman's friends had parents living in Headingley, Manitoba. The girls working in the girls' home (in Winnipeg) - \"the first thing the wanted to know was whether we have a brother\" (the interviewer laughs): \"The boys could take us up at the home.\" Banman knew a cousin of her future husband very well. There was a birthday party, and they met there, in 1941. Banman's sister married her future husband's second cousin, that was another connection. Banman says that the interviewers saw a picture of the house and the car: \"The car was bigger than the house.\" They had two children at that time. Banman's husband was \"a hard worker\", he started a garage and a fast-gas service in Steinbach, Manitoba: \"We had good times.\" Her \"boys\" were hunters and fishers, \"they had a lot in common.\" Her son, a doctor living in California, still comes to go hunting. Banman recalls that she \"had to be careful that I didn't lose control\". She jokes that her back problems are caused by her boys. The youngest wanted to arrange her hair all the time. Banman thought that was because her sons never had a sister. She recalls a few pranks played by her sons: \"I was good-natured, I think\". Banman recalls that her mother had taught her to wear aprons. Banman was standing at the sink, and her sister and her husband came for supper. Her youngest son was standing behind her, and when Banman wanted to walk away, she realized that he had tied her apron to his belt. He had tied so many knots that they had to cut them. (The interviewers laugh.) Banman kept that apron, and when her youngest son got married, her other son Bob gave a speech, showed that apron, and said that they \"finally cut the strings\". Banman thinks if they would have had a girl, she would not have had these experiences. She asks the interviewer if they have a brother. The interviewer says yes: \"Was he teasing you all the time\"? The interviewer says yes, but the teasing was not always as good-natured as in Banman's case. Banman says again that she was going to write a book \"How to survive with four Banmans\" (her three sons and her husband). Banman and her husband are 63 years married this year. They have a lot of things to be thankful for when they look back. Last year, Banman suffered a fall, she broke a vertebra in her back. The doctors said: \"It could have been worse.\" Many of her friends have Alzheimer's. Her older sister is 89, the younger ones, Margaret and Mary, both died within one year. The sister who is still alive had a stroke, she is in a care home now. Banman and her husband are still in their own house and try to be as independent as they can. Somebody is mowing their lawn. Banman's grandson David is a lawyer in town (in Steinbach, Manitoba) and took her to different appointments with doctors. Banman took care of her grandchildren a lot when they were younger, because her son Bob was in politics. She said to her grandson David that she had taught him how to walk, and he hung on to her arm, and now she was hanging on to him. David is her oldest grandson, he is 33 now. Banman's grandchildren often drop in for coffee. Banman thinks that \"when you complain too much you scare people away\". She say that in old age, you don't ask your friends \"How are you?\" because you don't want to hear it. She doesn't want to talk about back ache all the time. Often, people in senior homes \"get stuck there\", they don't visit their church anymore, they don't talk to people of different ages anymore. Her sister-in-law is also in a senior home (not a care home), she is complaining all the time. When the residents get together, they don't want to know what is going on in the world, they are only interested in \"what's gonna hurt tomorrow\". Banman is still interested in everything, as her grandson is involved in politics. She and her husband try to take her sister-in-law out of her home, and she notices: \"That was a nice day.\" Her sister-in-law is watching TV all the time. Banman tells the interviewers to enjoy life, and not to let them get down by little things. She tells them that they have \"so many choices\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=10.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite church life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=791.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman's parents and her friends' parents were deeply influenced by their faith. From her church, Banman expects comfort and respect for the elderly people who might forget and get around slowly. There are some very polite children who open the door for elderly church goers, \"and I always thank them because I don't take that for granted.\" Banman attended a dinner raising money for the MDS (Mennonite Disaster Service) in Landmark, Manitoba. They served a very nice dinner for 200 people. A friend of hers (a retired doctor) observed that there were only \"grey hairs\", \"grey heads\". Banman said: \"That are the ones that pay\". You need a lot of money to run a church. When she was young and went to church in Grunthal, Manitoba, nobody got paid (not even the minister), they had a \"calling\", now everybody gets paid. She thinks that in her youth, people were more considerate than now. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=791.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cultural identity, Mennonite faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=946.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked about her cultural identity, Banman says that she \"would lump it all together\": her heritage, her faith inherited by her parents. It was a very strong faith, they were committed Mennonites. However, Banman never felt that the Mennonites should isolate themselves. Banman recalls that the \"church family\" is very important to her. Banman \"would say that I'm a human being, first\". She again underlines that she was impressed by how her parents handled the terrible things they had gone through thanks to their faith. Her \"Mennonite background has been very strong\" but she is \"not saying that we are betting than anybody else\". They have \"friends from all over, very good friends\". Banman does not regret what she has done in life, she discussed it once, and they told her that if you had another chance, you might make worse mistakes. (The interviewer laughs.) ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=946.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parents, faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=1103.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has often talk with her sisters about her parents: They were \"good role-models\". When they lived at Grunthal, Manitoba, they lived with her uncle (her father's brother) and her aunt, they shared the same middle room. Her mother and her aunt never had an argument in all those years. They did a lot of singing, that's how they learned to sing all the German hymns, all the verses. They had no radio, TV or phone. They sang while doing the house work. Banman often talks with her cousin (her uncle's and aunt's son) living in Ontario on the phone, they talk about \"what a great childhood we had\". Prayer was very important but it was \"not overdone\". When her parents had visitors, they talked about what they had lived through in Russia \"and what they were saved from\", and found \"things to be thankful for\". But they didn't think that they were better than others and that \"God didn't allow that to happen to me\". Banman has never been involved with any other faith than the Mennonite faith. An acquaintance of hers didn't want to get baptized until she would get married because then she would see to what faith her husband belongs to: \"So, she was practical.\" Banman thinks that \"it is far easier\" in a marriage and with children when both spouses are \"committed to the same idea\". Her parents showed them that \"strength of character\". Banman's mother never used a sleeping pill or an aspirin. What her parents did was to share their experiences with people who went through the same things. Banman read in a book that the author felt sorry for the older Mennonite women because they could not communicate their experiences properly. Banman states that this was not true, thinking about her mother. Later, she found out that some of the Mennonite women in Grunthal, Manitoba, had not only been afraid of rape but had been raped during the Russian Civil War, \"eventually the most horrible thing that can happen\". However, they would not talk about that all the time. Her mother cried a lot, she took all her daughters to say goodbye to her family when they left. Banman's grandmother, also Barbara (Banman was named after her) wanted her to stay, and maintained that the situation in the Soviet Union would get better again. Her grandparents were deported to Siberia later on: \"verschwunden, spurlos verschwunden\" (vanished, vanished without a trace). ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=1103.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political career of son Bob Banman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=1507.0,1650.75302"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113/index/52066/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banman recalls that they had a lot of Jewish friends too because her son Bob was in politics. They had a friend who was an NDP (member of the New Democratic Party) \"but we had good talks with him\". That friend told them that the Mennonites don't talk about their faith enough, unlike the Jews. At the ceremony where her son was handed over a portfolio (Minister of Industry and Commerce of Manitoba), some of the people had brought their family bibles to swear on. There were three Mennonites: her son, Harry Enns, and a man called Braun from Altona, Manitoba. They all said: \"We are firm\". The Legislature would have to talk in French sometimes because of the French minority. As a reaction, Bob Banman, Harry Enns and Arnold Braun started to speak Low German to each other, they called themselves the \"Low German Mafia\". ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58751/file/133113#t=1507.0,1650.75302"}]}]}]}