{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jh3cz32z9v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Fr. Werner Renneberg"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Renneberg, Werner (Interviewee)","Hall, Leslie (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-07-21 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["4 audio files; wav; 1:45:48","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["qv33rx839 (avalonid)","LC299 (other)","2004-091-5072 (local)","2004-091-5073 (local)","2004-091-5074 (local)","2004-091-5075 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","printing presses (topical)","religion (topical)","prejudice (topical)","politics (topical)","ethnic groups (topical)","Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada (spatial)","Leofeld, Saskatchewan, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Renneberg, Werner (creation/production)","Interviewer: Hall, Leslie (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/462/small/audio-default.png?1640662647","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 4 - 2004-091-5072.wav"]},"duration":1810.04191,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/462/small/audio-default.png?1640662647","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/462/original/2004-091-5072.wav?1661168464","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1810.04191,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction, family, life on the prairies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=0.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Father Werner Renneberg was born in 1925 to a family of 5 boys and 4 girls. 3 boys died in infancy. Werner was the 3rd youngest. There was an age gap between some of the siblings due to the deaths, so Werner was a bit of a loner.\n\nTimes were different because the land was already settled and there were many large families. There were country fairs, get togethers, and ball games in the summer. In winter, there was skating. They were 7 miles from the nearest post-office in Cudworth. Leofeld was where their church was. In those days, they only went into town when it was absolutely necessary. As such, Werner never got to see a hockey game or curling match until much later in life.\n\nLeofeld was where Werner grew up. It had only been settled for 26 years before he was born, so Werner would listen to the old-timers and their stories. There was a lot of prairie around back then, with many birds. Werner would lie on his back and watch the clouds and the birds flying overhead. Gophers and rabbits were plentiful back then. They would go hunting for rabbits.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=0.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Garden, food preservation, Sunday meal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=259.0,401.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's family had a garden. There was no fridge in their house, but there were refrigerators in stores in town. Sometimes, people would use those refrigerators for meat they had butchered themselves, but Werner's family never did that. Werner's mother would boil down meat and can it, or she would salt the meat to preserve it. Werner's father was very good at making sausage, so he would make sausage rings for the family.\n\nThe garden produced potatoes, beans, peas, carrots, onions, and whatever else they had planted. Corn was planted and spinach was also available. Every Sunday, they had chicken for dinner. Werner was the youngest of the boys. They sat around the table according to age and the chicken would be passed down from Werner's father down the line until it got to Werner with everyone picking out their favourite pieces. As such, Werner usually got the neck, which he quite enjoys.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=259.0,401.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Electricity, activities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=401.0,513.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's family had a 32 volt electrical plant which produced their electricity. In the 30s, they were able to make enough off of their crops that they could power their house with batteries. In the late 30s, they couldn't afford batteries, so they had to fire up the engine to power their house. The engine worked best on kerosene. From this, they had light at night and the radio was powered. They would listen to Buster Hewlett and hockey games on the radio. Werner's favourite team was the Toronto Maple Leafs, which got him into many arguments.\n\nThey also played checkers, chess, and cards in winter to pass the time. They also visited neighbours more frequently back then than they do now.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=401.0,513.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=513.0,584.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner skipped grade 1 and took grade 1 and 2 for the first year. He started school in 1931 and graduated grade 8 in 1938. At that time, there was no effort at all to keep the children in school. The German people thought that once a person was old enough to work, and they could read, write, subtract, and divide, that was enough to be able to go to work. No one batted an eye when Werner quit school after grade 8 which he considers unfortunate. Later on, there was pressure to stay in school, but at that time there was none.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=513.0,584.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War 2, deciding to enter the priesthood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=584.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These were relaxed and happy times until World War II came along in 1939. Werner's next older brother was studying for his seminary in the United States. The other two older brothers stayed home. Werner learned how to care for horses and cows during the war. Werner stayed out of school from 1938 to 1945.\n\nThe war affected Werner in a bad way. Some of his friends were in the war and Werner heard a lot of bad news about the war. Werner prayed for them and prayed about what he should do. He eventually decided he should study for the priesthood in Muenster, Saskatchewan. \n\nBy 1944, the farm had modernized a bit. Werner's father purchased a Ford Model A truck. Werner's oldest brother, who was married, was working on his own farm a ways away and injured himself. So Werner and his mother drove the truck to the brother's farm. During the ride, Werner told his mother he was thinking of entering the priesthood and she replied that if that is what God wants, then that's alright. So he decided to enter the priesthood.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=584.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's military brother, farm tractor, animals on the farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=770.0,976.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1945, Werner enrolled in the seminary. His 3rd oldest brother was in the armed forces as a trainer and was apparently quite good at it. His brother was overlooked by his superiors due to his height.\n\nTimes have changed. They were quite busy back then. On the farm, up until the end of the War, they did all their work with horses. Werner's father and uncle had a tractor together, but the tractor could only be used for breaking land and threshing. When it wasn't being used, it sat in a shed. It was also fully steel as they did not yet have steel. Other farmers had rubber on their tractors, however.\n\nThey had pigs, chicken, and sometimes geese. They also had turkeys at one point. They had cattle for milk. One winter, Werner looked over all their income from the animals. The sale of eggs and cream they shipped paid for all of the food they had to buy from the stores. This changed drastically after the war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=770.0,976.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression, crop failure","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=976.0,1147.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From 1933, the crops were not as good as they had been. 1937 was the banner year for drought; barely anything grew. Grain in the Cudworth area saw barely 6 inches of grain. It was bad enough that the grain was too short for the binder to cut them. They were forced to jury-rig a system to harvest that grain. It was a very difficult year.\n\nThe garden still did well, however. The pumpkins grew very well, so they had a lot of pumpkins during the 30s. Donations were given to the people of western Canada from places like Ontario and the maritimes. Cheeses were donated so families received a slice of that. Money was very scarce at the time. Once, Werner had 35 cents in his wallet and thought he was rich.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=976.0,1147.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm after the war, dust storms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=1147.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With the War, things changed. There was more rain and the farming was better. The university (Werner doesn't specify which one) said don't plow the land because the top soil will be blown away by the wind. Werner's family ignored the advice and plowed the land. Sure enough, the windstorms took away the topsoil. Tremendous storms would come by and darken in the middle of the afternoon. A farmer once came to their house because the storm was so bad, he couldn't see where he was going.\n\nThings did change after the war. They got a little tractor. Werner went to college and his brothers got their own tractors. Werner's military brother was discharged after the war and took over his parents' farm. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=1147.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later education, teaching, abbey newspaper press","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=1284.0,1810.04191"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462/index/59351/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner was a little bit older than the other children when he started grade 9. He was in his 20s and the kids could pick things up faster than he could. Werner enjoyed learning, however. He didn't like chemistry or memorizing the formulas. He was going to take German, as that was the language he was born with, but the principal at the time convinced Werner to take French. He wound up needing German later. Fortunately, there was a parish school (not a public school) in the early 30s that taught German. So when Werner had to teach German, he could bluff his way through it. He hated drilling grammar. Thus, he preferred to parse sentences, which the children enjoyed far more. Werner only taught for a year before he was put in charge of the press shop at the abbey.\n\nAt the time, the press was still done by hand. They had a big machine to print newsprint, but they had to feed the paper in by hand. They also had to flip it by hand. Then it would be fed into a folding machine by hand. This was in 1959. In 1960, they were told to move the press to the old gymnasium. After a heavy downpour, an accident occurred and the building suffered significant damage. The tractors used to move the press couldn't move due to the mud. In the end, Werner sent the workers away and hired someone else to move the building.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133462#t=1284.0,1810.04191"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 4 - 2004-091-5073.wav"]},"duration":1810.04191,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/463/small/audio-default.png?1640662799","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/463/original/2004-091-5073.wav?1661168487","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1810.04191,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Difficulties with the printing press","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=0.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner continues his story about moving the abbey's press building. They had to disassemble it and then reassemble it.\n\nNo one knew how to use the printing press they had. They tried to get someone from Chicago (from the company that made the press) to help them get it up and running. This individual was no help; the press should have had a variable speed motor, but it did not. Thus, the man from Chicago could not help them. The press would output 6000 per hour and, at that speed, the paper would break or snap.\n\nWerner went to Winnipeg to watch how a group with an identical press ran theirs. He learned by talking to and watching them. Werner got a number of smaller parts which made the press easier to use and manageable.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=0.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Course in Nova Scotia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=264.0,626.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1969, Werner went to Nova Scotia to take a course on the cooperative movement (credit unions and community development). Werner enjoyed the course very much. There were roughly 60 students with many coming from other continents.\n\nSome of the students had barely any education while others had quite a bit. Werner enjoyed his time taking the course from September to May. A number of the students were missionaries. Werner taught two of the other students how to drive as having a driver's license was necessary for the course. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=264.0,626.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Places lived","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=626.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After taking the course, Werner was put in charge of the Muenster and Saint Gregor parishes for six years before being moved to Saint Benedict. After that he went back to Humboldt to become an assistant again. In 1991, Werner had to have open heart surgery as his aortic valve was defective. In 1992, Werner moved to Cudworth and held that parish until 1997. He then moved to Watson to oversee Watson and Engelfeld. In 2000, his arthritis was giving him great trouble, so he retired and was allowed to retire to the abbey where he remains.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=626.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German colonization in the prairies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=708.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surveyors had already been through the area, so the quarter sections were already divided up despite the lack of roads or infrastructure. In the early 1900s, some of the Benedictine priests had been through the area of Leofeld and decided it would be a good place for a German colony. So in 1904, German colonists began arriving. Some came from the United States and others came from Germany. The colonists were told to bring just the essentials: no horses as oxen were tougher and easier to maintain. By 1905, the train came through Muenster and life got easier. The area was also settled quicker.\n\nThe big thing was to establish parishes. The idea was (which sounds silly today, says Werner) to have a German enclave of German Catholics while keeping all others out; no protestants, no English, or anyone else. They thought the children would grow up with no bad influences and the colony would be ideal young people. Many of the people came from the US and could already speak English. Many were publicly admonished for speaking English.\n\nThe Germans came out of the 1800s with many hard feelings between Protestants and Catholics. Here there was a large tract of land where they could have the freedom to do what they wanted. They wanted to create a large organization of Germans across the prairies which could then tell the government what they wanted and didn't want.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=708.0,1123.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political parties in Saskatchewan and education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=1123.0,1285.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Masons were coming into Saskatchewan from the US and they influenced the Conservative Party. At the time, the Liberal Party allowed parish schools while the Conservative Party wanted all public schools. So the German community spited the Conservative Party for that.\n\nIn the early 1930s, a Conservative Party came into power in Saskatchewan. The Conservative Party outlawed religious garb for the nuns that were teaching: they had to wear street ware. All the crucifixes had to be taken out of the schools as well. Furthermore, the school books could not be the Catholic textbooks. The Conservative Party only lasted one term.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=1123.0,1285.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Language","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=1285.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner is translating the old German newspapers from the area. Many of the papers push for the speaking of German at home and in every day life. The original priests that came to the area sought to ensure no family was further than 7 miles from a Church.\n\nUp until World War Two, Werner's parish had one service in German and another in English. Fasting laws were strict in those days: Friday was a meatless day. However, working on a farm and working by hand, going without food on a Friday was not feasible. Werner's parents followed the parish quite closely. As such, Werner and his siblings did not know a word of English when they began school. At home, only German could be spoken. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=1285.0,1643.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration to Canada, Werner's family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=1643.0,1810.04191"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463/index/59352/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's father is from Minnesota and his mother was born in Wisconsin. Their parents came from Germany, however. Werner's paternal grandfather came to the United States in the 1860s and his mother's side also came during that time as well. Werner's father's side came to Leofeld in 1905 while his mother's side came in 1907. His parents married in 1909.\n\nWerner's older sister was a hard worker but didn't take care of herself. She caught tuberculosis at one point. She now has Parkinson's disease. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133463#t=1643.0,1810.04191"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 4 - 2004-091-5074.wav"]},"duration":936.22857,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/464/small/audio-default.png?1640662881","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/464/original/2004-091-5074.wav?1661168501","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":936.22857,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's siblings and extended family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=0.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's sister once contracted tuberculosis and was in the Prince Albert sanitarium for a number of years (1938 to 1940). After leaving the sanitarium, she married a widower and had two children. Her tuberculosis came back and she spent another year in the sanitarium. She was diagnosed with Parkinson's in the early 1950s and died in 1996. Her Parkinson's got bad enough that she had to go into the nursing home in Cudworth.\n\nWerner's oldest brother was a farmer for a time before he became a chicken farmer. He and his wife couldn't keep up with the required standards for that, however. So they moved to Saskatoon where he worked for a plumbing company. He enjoyed that much more than farming.\n\nWerner's second oldest brother was a farmer and retired. His son now operates that farm.\n\nWerner's third oldest brother, the one that joined the armed forces, did not stay on the home farm for very long. He became the pull elevator agent in Cudworth.\n\nWerner's second youngest sister and her husband took over the farm. Her husband died in 2000, but she still lives on the farm. Their son still lives and works on that farm.\n\nWerner's nephews, nieces, grandnephews, and grandnieces have scattered all over the country doing various jobs.\n\nWerner's other brother became a teacher before becoming a Benedictine priest. He died in 1995.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=0.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reasons for coming to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=450.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's father came to Canada because he wanted to be a farmer and those opportunities were limited in Minnesota. The government was offering a quarter of land which was a good amount of land for $10. When they came to Saskatchewan, they found they much preferred the drier Saskatchewan climate. Their relatives in the US were puzzled as to why they would move so far north.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=450.0,522.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians, prejudice, education, and farming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=522.0,731.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Leofeld area was mostly high German speakers. The priests would only preach in high German.\n\nWest of Cudworth was solidly Ukrainian while East of Cudworth was solidly German. The Germans didn't trust the Ukrainians and they didn't trust the Germans. They didn't associate with each other as much as they maybe should have, according to Werner. The school in Cudworth had Ukrainian and German children, so much of the prejudice broke down there. However, East of Cudworth, much of the prejudice remained until after World War Two when they had to realize the Ukrainians were good people.\n\nThe Ukrainians came to Canada to farm and be farmers. But they wanted their children to get educations so they could become doctors, lawyers, and so on. So the Ukrainians sent their children to high school and university. The German community only sent their kids to high school if they planned on entering the priesthood. Thus, the German community was discouraged from going to high school or university. Farming was like that for the last thousand years and would be like that for the next thousand years, or so they thought. There was a little bit of mechanization before WW2, but more after the War.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=522.0,731.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German culture in Leofeld","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=731.0,936.22857"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464/index/59353/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Werner was young, the community believed the German culture was the best culture of all. They thought the French had let secularism take over and that the English people didn't know anything. So they were taught that the German culture was the best culture. However, World War 2 changed that. Extermination camps and other factors changed those beliefs. Werner was called up for the armed forces in 1944 but was turned down because he had a double hernia. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133464#t=731.0,936.22857"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 4 of 4 - 2004-091-5075.wav"]},"duration":1793.09134,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/465/small/audio-default.png?1640663035","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/content/4/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/465/original/2004-091-5075.wav?1661168518","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1793.09134,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.4 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German community and beliefs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=0.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Members of the community tried to organize the larger German community in Canada to organize like they did in Germany. The movement, however, fell apart as there were no threats to their culture in Canada like there were in Germany. They believed that if they lost their language, they lose their religion. That has not proved to be true. German heritage and customs must also be kept up. Werner still enjoys the German songs. They believed that, by virtue of them being German, they were inherently superior. This was the type of thinking that was going on at the time.\n\nThe Germans that came to Canada through the United States \"melting pot\" spoke English because the Irish Catholic bishops did not want German spoken in the parishes. That is part of the reason Germans came from the US. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=0.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Politics and the German community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=240.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Motherwell was a prominent Saskatchewan politician that was dedicated to farming and improving the farms in Saskatchewan. He lost an election (Werner believes in 1907). The Humboldt area was solidly German and the Conservative party had little chance of electing a member in the area. To get Motherwell back into the government, they convinced a member of the legislature to resign and let Motherwell run.\n\nMotherwell happened to be a Freemason. This angered the priests and they tried to organize the German Catholics to vote for a Catholic instead of Motherwell. The person running against Motherwell was a school teacher from Regina named Kramer. Kramer talked about schools while Motherwell talked about roads, and farming conditions. Motherwell won the election which was a slap in the face for the priests that supported Kramer.\n\nWerner says that Motherwell was a good man and did a lot of good. There was a great deal of prejudice at the time. Werner thinks it was good for the priests to realize they couldn't beat everyone by the nose.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=240.0,468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Newspapers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=468.0,629.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner goes off to gather some of the old newspapers he's been researching. Having German grade 1 and 2, Werner's German wasn't good enough to understand everything in the newspapers growing up, but his older siblings could.\n\nWerner describes some of what's in the newspapers. He talks about some of the jokes in the papers. Women are the butt of jokes a lot of the time, but Werner doesn't translate those jokes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=468.0,629.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lutherans and Catholics near Leofeld","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=629.0,772.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Werner's family, his father was the boss. Werner's mother sometimes cried because she couldn't get what she wanted.\n\nThe majority of the area was Catholic, though there were a small number of Lutherans nearby. Werner once danced with a Lutheran girl and was reprimanded for it. The nearby Lutherans were also of German descent. The first and second World Wars helped to break down the prejudices between the Catholic and Lutheran Germans. Werner remembers a time when each side knew everything that was wrong about the other side but never spoke or interacted with the other side. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=629.0,772.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Radio, stories, and music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=772.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner's family had a radio by 1930. Werner enjoyed the stories that came over the radio like ghost stories, mysteries, and others. The family would gather around the radio and listen.\n\nWerner's family did do some storytelling, but not much. Some of their friends and neighbours did tell stories. As an example, Werner tells one of the tall tales that were told.\n\nWerner's family was involved in some music. Werner was involved in some music. His older brothers refused to sing and Werner's father, who could sing, also refused to sing. Werner tried learning trumpet and clarinet, but quit. He did join choirs when he could.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=772.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Changes in the Catholic Church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=977.0,1793.09134"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465/index/59354/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The abbey has changed over time. It used to be a lot more strict.\n\nUntil the 1960s, the Catholic Church was reactive to the accusations thrown against it as opposed to being proactive against the problems. When the Pope died in the late 1950s, the Church couldn't decide on a new Pope, so they chose a \"caretaker\" Pope, according to Werner: someone who wouldn't rock the boat. They chose John XXIII, but soon discovered that he had his own mind and had experience with many countries. The Church tried to isolate him, but he called for a consul of all the bishops. The bishops tried to set the agenda according to what had been done before, but John XXIII wanted something different. He wanted the Church to analyze its position in the world and then choose the direction they wanted to go. Many of the bishops voted against this, so John XXIII started the process again from scratch. The events were far more open than they had been before.\n\nSome of the decrees that came out: the Catholic Church recognized other churches. They recognized that other denominations worshipped the same God. Werner says the idea was to remember the past, understand the present, and be open to the future. This was the agenda that was set.\n\nThis led to the Catholic Church interacting with and working with other branches of Christianity. As an example of what changed: before the decrees, it was sinful and wrong for a Catholic to enter any protestant Church, regardless of reason (including funerals). To enter communion at another Church was forbidden. They were also forbidden from praying together with protestants. Now they have ecumenical prayer meetings and every January has a prayer for Christian unity. This is very different from what happened before.\n\nMarriages between Catholics and non-Catholics was heavily frowned upon by the Catholic Church, but such marriages were already a reality. The Church was really hard on such mixed marriages. If a Catholic married a protestant, they had to swear that all the children would be baptized Catholic. Things are different now: they just have to be baptized in some christian faith and given religious instruction. Before the decrees, protestant churches weren't even recognized as churches.\n\nThere is now a movement for the Catholic Church to reverse the decrees and go back to how things were before. The Church also forbade all languages but Latin for the sermons and some other activities. It was believed that the people didn't need to understand what was being said to receive God's grace. Werner is very happy with the changes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58854/file/133465#t=977.0,1793.09134"}]}]}]}