{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/gq6qz2374k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Josephine LeBlanc 2"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","LeBlanc, Josephine (Interviewee)","Chernevych, Andriy (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-05-12 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["4 audio files; wav; 1:38:27","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["gm80hw439 (avalonid)","LC101 (other)","2004-091-0507 (local)","2004-091-0508 (local)","2004-091-0509 (local)","2004-091-0510 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58659\"\u003eInterview with Josephine LeBlanc 1\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","entertainment and recreation (topical)","occupations (topical)","foodways (topical)","armed forces (topical)","education (topical)","Waskatenau, Alberta, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2020-06-29"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: LeBlanc, Josephine (creation/production)","Interviewer: Chernevych, Andriy (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/557/small/Logo.png?1687987325","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 4 - 2004-091-0507.WAV"]},"duration":1700.11864,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/557/small/Logo.png?1687987325","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/557/original/2004-091-0507.WAV?1660925992","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1700.11864,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2.1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up and employment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=0.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Josephine LeBlanc was born in Lamont on September 17, 1919. Her parents were living in Pocohantas, AB at the time, but her mother was visiting her parents in Skaro, AB. Then her parents moved to 15 miles north of Waskatenau in May of 1921. First summer they lived in a big tent, while dad built a house, a barn, and another building. Her mother’s brother, Carl had cut the wood for the buildings the summer before. They were pretty busy, getting the buildings up and getting the house ready to live in by winter. She remembers that the tent had flooring. She started school when she was six. School was about two and a quarter miles away. They lived in an area where there was a lake across the road so they didn’t have a regular road. They had to go through farms and open gates to get around wet areas. She found school very interesting. They played softball. You started out in the field where the balls didn't come very often, but as you progressed in years you would move to the bases. They had a men's hardball team and a women's softball team. Other communities would come to compete against one another. Her dad passed away in grade 10 and she had been in an accident and broken her collarbone so she stayed home for another year. She did grade 11 in Waskatenau and then went to Edmonton. She worked as a maid in a house for $10 a month. Then she became a garment examiner where she made $12 a week. Then she had back problems so she didn't work for years. Then she went to work for the Misercordia Hospital in the sewing room. She got $18 a month, but part of that money went to pay her hospital bill there. Then she worked in the office at the hospital, and then worked at unemployment insurance and then the US Army airforce when they were building the Alaska highway. In 1947, she went to Ottawa. Then got married in 1950. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=0.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life story","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=0.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving around for her husband's work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=473.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their boy would stay with his granny on the farm and they would visit him almost every weekend. They adopted another boy. They moved to Rivers, Manitoba. Her husband left in December 1959 and then she and the boys joined him in March 1960. They were in Rivers until 1964. They bought a little house there and did a lot of renovations. Josephine had a big garden there with raspberries, strawberries, and rhubarb. She grew a year's supply of vegetables. The tomatoes and cucumbers were very good there. Then they were transferred to Quebec in 1964. Stationed there until 1967. The town was mostly French, but her children went to the English Catholic school. Her older boy had a paper route and cut lawns for extra money after school. They were 500 miles north of Quebec City. It was a mining town. They went to Expo 67. Then they drove back to Alberta when her husband was transferred. They lived in Red Deer from 1967 to 1999. Her husband passed away in 1993. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=473.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life story","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=473.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Home design, husband's work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=658.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She designed their house and had it built. Her husband was always at work so she did the daytime business that had to be done. Her husband, Ed, left the air force after 25 years, and then started working as a special constable with the RCMP in July 1968. He worked in the summertime on the trails in Red Deer. Josephine mostly stayed home, but she did work for a while in the office of the Hudson's Bay store. She always found enough to do around the home. In April of 1999, she moved to Edmonton. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=658.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life story","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=658.0,769.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandparents coming to Canada, farming, work bees","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=769.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her grandfather and grandmother came to Canada from Buchach, Poland (now Ukraine) in April of 1907. Her grandmother's brother had arrived a year or so earlier and had written to them to come to Canada, because it was much better. He came to Skaro, Alberta- 14 miles north of Lamont. Her grandparent's got a homestead, kitty-corner from her grandmother's brother. When they came to Canada they stayed with her grandfather's cousin. They arrived at the beginning of May. They bought their homestead in July. They built a two-room house and moved in soon after they arrived. They had 5 children at the time. They had four more children born in Canada. They didn't have any horses or oxen at first, but they cleared land by hand and they grew grain or hay and cut it with a scythe. They used long grain to tie it into bundles. They threshed it with a flail. They waited for a windy day to separate the chaff from the grain. The whole family was involved. The custom was, whenever they built a house or building, was to have a bee. Neighbours and relatives came. They would put up the building in a day. They would then have a big meal. A local orchestra would come and they would have a dance in a granary. A social event as well as work being done. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=769.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who was the first generation that came to Canada in your family?\nHow did they find out about Canada?\nHow did they choose their quarter?\nHow did your family make living? Initial settlement experience – farming operation, work bees","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=769.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mother's life and grandparents' story continued","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=1109.0,1338.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her mother left home around 17-18 and went to Edmonton to work as a maid. Her mother met her father at his cousin's house. They were married in May of 1916. Dad had been working in Pocahontas at the coal mine, so they went to live there. Her father was interested in farming. By the time the mine closed, he had a horse, a small herd of cattle, chickens, a dog and a cat. They moved all that to the farm by train. Uncle Nick took over grandfather's homestead. In the late teens, they got a binder. Grandfather was retired by the time they got a tractor on the farm. Grandmother baked her bread in a \"piets\" a little outdoor oven that's mud plastered. She made many loaves of bread at a time. Everything they needed to keep cool they put down the well. They had a cellar for vegetables. She doesn't recall when they retired, but her grandfather passed away in 1950 and they had been retired for some years. Grandmother lived until 1960. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=1109.0,1338.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did your family make living? Initial settlement experience – farming operation, work bees\nHow the parents met each other\nDid your make your own bread? How often?\nWell, food preservation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=1109.0,1338.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Father's life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=1338.0,1700.11864"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She doesn't remember her father's life in the mines in Pocahontas. What happened when someone was working somewhere, they would send a letter to their families and friends and tell them that they were working a good job and others would come to join them. That is what happened to other nationalities at the mine. There was Italians, Germans, English, etc. Dad worked somewhere else before. He passed away in 1935. She didn't get all of the stories. He had the animals while they were living still in Pocahontas. The mines were quite a dangerous job. Lots of people lost their lives because of the gas when they used dynamite. They had canaries down in the mine because if there was gas the canaries would be effected first. There is a cemetery there with 17-18 graves. It was hard work. When the miners came from the mine after work they were covered in coal dust. They used a big bath house, pool before they came home. The mine didn't prove to be as productive as they thought so it closed. Dad was already planning to work on the farm so they got a homestead south of one of her mother's brother's place. Families tried to stay together. A lot of people bought and abandoned homesteads. The farm her father took was someone else's that had been abandoned. Was still 160 acres for $10.00. Her dad's homestead had a lake on it. The lake is crown land, so dad's farm was only 137 acres. The lake did not have fish in it. It was shallow. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=1338.0,1700.11864"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557/index/80712/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did your family make living? Initial settlement experience – farming operation, work bees\nWas your family involved in mining? Job on the mines in Pocahontas\nHow did they acquire land?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132557#t=1338.0,1700.11864"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 4 - 2004-091-0508.WAV"]},"duration":1527.9659,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/558/small/Logo.png?1687987335","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/558/original/2004-091-0508.WAV?1660926012","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1527.9659,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2.2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friendship with sister and laundry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=12.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Josephine remembers her sister and her being constant companions. The two brothers were the same, they never went anywhere without each other. Neither brother married, so they were like that all their lives. Her sister and her liked to play together. Dad would put up a swing in the barn for rainy or cold days. He also put up a swing in the trees near the lake for the hot days. They played with kittens and sewed a lot. They had one or two dolls. Her dad made her a little suitcase. The clothes didn't fit the doll, so they used mother's leftover fabric from her sewing to make clothes for their dolls, and they put it in the little suitcase. When they got older, they would work in the garden and talk about everything under the sun. It wasn't work, it was just a game. They helped mother with her washing. They would alternate washing the little things. Mother would wash the bigger things. Mother made most of her own soap, but there was also store bought laundry soap. She used animal fat and lye to make the soap but Josephine doesn't remember how it was made. Towards the end of the 30s she started to buy detergents in the store. She had a wringer that was attached to the wash tub. They washed the clothes on a washboard and then 'wringed it'. Clothes were taken down to the lake to rinse, this water was also brought up for washing in the summer. In the winter time they would melt snow to wash and rinse the clothes. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=12.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you remember most vividly from life on the farm? Childhood – play, dolls, home work, laundry, home-made soap\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=12.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Animals, bread making, house","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=244.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had horses, cows, sheep, goats, pigs. At that time, you helped out. If circumstances warranted that you had to go and help, you went and did whatever had to be done on that day. They baked a lot of bread. Four loaves were baked in the oven, usually about three batches, so 12 loaves at a time. They never bought flour. Dad would take it to get ground in Bruderheim, AB or Radway, AB. He would get cream of wheat, bran, and white flour. They would clean the wheat ahead of time. They had a wood burning stove. It had a big surface- maybe 30 x 40 inches. There was a fire box and the oven was right next to it. Her house had two rooms. One was a kitchen and the other one was everything else. There were two bedrooms upstairs. The wall was only 3 feet tall upstairs. The floor was wood. Before 1939 they had linoleum in the kitchen. In 1936, they built an addition onto the house with a big kitchen and a screened in veranda. The area where the kitchen used to be was then for the radio and sleeping area for mother. The walls were mud plastered that was white washed. Before 1939, her sister had visited their aunt and uncle in Skaro. They were putting calcimine on the walls. Painted it on the wall and then dabbed other colours on with a sponge. The walls had lumber strips. It was not painted. The roof was cedar shingles. It was an average house. They got electricity probably in the 1950s. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=244.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of livestock did you have?\nWhat was your role in your family’s farming?\nDid your make your own bread? How often?\nLayout, number of rooms\nFurniture\nInterior decoration\nBuilding materials\nTell me about your well and water supply?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=244.0,853.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Church services","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=853.0,1256.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were no churches, because there were so many different nationalities and religions. There was no one that had a big enough group to build a church. Everyone was really poor, because they all started as homesteaders. They would go to their grandparents for Christmas and go to the Christmas Eve service at the church there. August 15th was the pilgrimage,  the big service is on the evening of the 14th. Once they got cars, more would go, but they didn't have cars until the 1940s. It was hard times. After the war started the price of grain went up and people could afford more, but there wasn't many men around there. Her brothers got a car in 1948. When there was no church, they would have services in the home. Everybody who was catholic would come to the service. They would also have it sometimes outside if the weather was nice. The priest would stay in the community somewhere. When people got cars they could go to churches further away. The catholic church was in Radway which was 35 miles away. The pentacost had a big summer tent for their services. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=853.0,1256.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What services and businesses were available in your community?\nChurch\nCars\nGreat Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=853.0,1256.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stores in the area","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=1256.0,1527.9659"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The store in the area was run out of a man's house about a mile and a quarter from school. They would go there when they needed a new scribbler or pencils or if mother needed sugar and tea. They would go there and then back to school in an hour or so. Later on there was a man that had a store 2 miles from school. The post office was a half mile from the store. That was four miles round trip from school and back. Once they had cars they could go further. The nearest telephone was 6 miles away. When her brother had an emergency appendicitis operation in Edmonton, the radio would announce it and if you didn't hear it the neighbour would and would come and tell them. In the 30s they would do that. They didn't socialize at the store. The lunch break at school was only an hour so they had to hurry. Maybe other people socialized there. They only went from school, never from home. The bigger store near the post office people would visit there. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=1256.0,1527.9659"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558/index/80713/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stores\nTelephone, radio announcements as means of spreading news","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132558#t=1256.0,1527.9659"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 4 - 2004-091-0509.WAV"]},"duration":1685.76871,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/559/small/Logo.png?1687987348","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/559/original/2004-091-0509.WAV?1660926031","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1685.76871,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2.3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gardening","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=2.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Josephine discusses their garden. The garden was in 2 or 3 lots. There was a big area of potatoes that was enough to feed a family of 8 for a year and to sell as well. There was a lot of turnip, because it was also used to feed the pigs. There was every vegetable that you could want. There was a big area of flowers as well. Her mother loved flowers. Her mother would work in the garden and so would everyone else. It depended on your age what you did. She doesn't remember anyone complaining about working in the garden. They had a hot bed where they started plants. They would only water plants when they transplanted them. The land in the area had been left in its natural state. Trees in the area were big enough to use for lumber. They picked a variety of berries. They would go out for the day and pick a pail. Josephine talks about planting the potatoes and other vegetables. Dad would buy them candy when he went to Waskatenau. He would buy a box of apples in the fall. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=2.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your family grow a garden?\nWhat did you plant?\nWho tended the garden?\nWhen and how did you plant it?\nWhat did you do to the produce (store, sell)? \nHow and where did you store the produce?\nArea – landscape, forest\nWild life\nWhat else did your family do to sustain yourselves (e.g., fishing, trapping, hunting, mushroom or berry-picking)?\nWhat food did your family purchase at the store?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=2.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Work on the farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=640.0,742.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The family had hired help. Dad would hire men to clear the land in the early 1930s. Usually dad did the axe work and mother did the piling. They used horses for farm work. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=640.0,742.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your family ever hire anybody to help you out?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=640.0,742.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schools and other community buildings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=742.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They left for school before 8 in the morning and walked over 2 miles. They arrived at school and when they were in grade 6 or higher, they were playing ball until the bell rang. In school, up to the end of grade 7 it was a one room school. 60 children to one teacher. She would start with math first. Josephine remembers that as a student, you worked on your own a lot. She really liked math so she was always ahead of the teacher's lessons. When she was in grade 8 they had a two room schoolhouse. There was a teacher's home in the school yard. Some teachers were better than others. The ones she had from grade 8-10 were really good. They put on good concerts. She saw an airplane for the first time in 1926. She recalls watching the planes overhead. Her father would buy the newspaper and so they all read it. She would tell the jokes from the paper. Thorhild, AB was the nearest police station. The railway was 6 miles away, and it went from Edmonton to Fort McMurray. The other railway went from Edmonton to St. Paul to Cold Lake. Her dad would do everything in one trip when he would go to town. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=742.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hotels\nCommunity halls\nPolice station\nRailway station\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=742.0,1419.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Footwear and Dominion day","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=1419.0,1685.76871"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the summertime they wore running shoes. The cheapest kind. In the wintertime, they wore knitted wool socks and little rubbers. That's what everybody wore. The leather shoes were no good in winter. They would get soaked. They had Dominion Day celebrations. They had a parade but she never made it there early enough to see it. They had children's races. Sack races, egg races, etc. There were little prizes for the winners. There was a ball game to watch. Josephine's family, traveling to and from their farm, arrived around noon and left at 4pm. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=1419.0,1685.76871"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559/index/80714/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Footwear \nEvents in the town – parade, races, ice cream","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132559#t=1419.0,1685.76871"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 4 of 4 - 2004-091-0510.WAV"]},"duration":995.27692,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/560/small/Logo.png?1687987358","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/content/4/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/560/original/2004-091-0510.WAV?1660926048","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":995.27692,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2.4 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Food","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=25.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had breakfast on school days before 8. Mother and father were already out doing work. Main meal was at noon. The evening meal was already cooked enough from dinner so that they wouldn't have to cook for supper. Josephine talks again about some of the foods that they would eat for meals. She talks about preservation and milk making. They shipped cream and the cream can was lowered into the well to keep cold. Butter was made in small batches, extra would be put down the well. They shook jars to make butter. They made cream, butter, and cottage cheese from the milk. Talks again about bread making and cake making. Her mother made lots of sponge cakes, because they had lots of eggs. Birthdays were special meals. Summer meals were really tasty because they had fresh veggies from the garden. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=25.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did you eat for breakfast, lunch, dinner?\nWhat time of the day did they come?  Who prepared them? Who helped? (e.g., older sister, brother)\nHow did you preserve meat?  Dairy products? Eggs?\nWhat did you do with the milk you had?\nDid your make your own bread? How often?\nWhat food did your family purchase at the store?\nDid you mother (and others who cooked) use recipes?\nWere Sunday meals special? Describe them.\nMaking cakes, use of sugar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=25.0,565.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas meal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=565.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Josephine talks about special Christmas dishes. They had wheat with honey and nuts for Christmas. Also perogies, cabbage rolls, fish on Christmas Eve, Turkey on Christmas day. Big meal on Christmas Eve and Christmas day. Celebrated both Christmases. Both celebrations were prepared the same. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=565.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Describe a Christmas supper in your family.\nDid your family fast? When? For how long?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=565.0,723.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weddings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=723.0,995.27692"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They travelled to town by horses. Josephine remembers weddings in the 1930s. They were the oldest of the next generation, so her generation was just starting to get married. She remembers going to a wedding 5 miles away in November. They walked there and back through snow. There weren't very many weddings. She went to another wedding about a half mile from her place. They had a big dinner and a dance. Both of the weddings were in their own homes. They had presents, but not presents like you get now. You would get a set of glasses or some cups and plates. People just didn't have the money, but they would get cash too. What they needed most to get started was cash. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=723.0,995.27692"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560/index/80715/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Describe weddings in your family/community.\nWhat kinds of gifts were there?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58553/file/132560#t=723.0,995.27692"}]}]}]}