{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/dn3zs2m664/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Nick Ochotta 2"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Ochotta, Nick (Interviewee)","Chernevych, Andriy (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-05-13 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 1:20:06","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["m900nv426 (avalonid)","LC115 (other)","2004-091-0530 (local)","2004-091-0531 (local)","2004-091-0532 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58667\"\u003eInterview with Nick Ochotta 1\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","beekeeping (topical)","farming (topical)","farm life (topical)","health systems (topical)","language (topical)","Boyle, Alberta, Canada (spatial)","Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2020-06-29"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Includes some Ukrainian (language)","Interviewee: Ochotta, Nick (creation/production)","Interviewer: Chernevych, Andriy (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/593/small/Logo.png?1687987867","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2004-091-0530.WAV"]},"duration":1815.93977,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/593/small/Logo.png?1687987867","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/593/original/2004-091-0530.WAV?1660926727","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1815.93977,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration/Re-immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593#t=0.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His older sister was born in Redwater or Eldorina, AB was born in 1911, then 1913, 1915, and then brother born 1917. All the children were born in Canada, when they went back to the old country, the communist authorities didn't want to let them come back to Canada. His father went through Latvia to Montreal. This all happened around 1923. Nick wasn't born until 1926. His father spent most of his time in the Black Sea with the Tsarist navy. He maybe read about Canada and went to check it out. It was probably the third time that mother went over too. Much different than the Oleskiw immigration. Talks about other people who may have come from the same area as him. The area his father settled in had other Orthodox people as well. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593#t=0.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593#t=0.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm/apiary, selling honey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593#t=500.0,1815.93977"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His father specialized in beekeeping after they moved to Boyle and lived there for 6 or 7 years. They homestead had pretty terrible soil. By the time he got out of the army, his parents had already moved to Edmonton. The hives were located reasonably close to the home. The rest of the land was used for wheat, oats, and barley. They kept their own animals still. Only 80-90 acres of their land was broken, the rest was bush. They did crop rotation. Skeleton Lake was a mile and a quarter from their house. The church his dad was instrumental in building is in view of the lake. They had probably around 100 hives. There weren't other beekeepers in the area. The area was good for it though, because there was a lot of wild flowers and clover in the area. His dad would buy fish and peddle them in the neighbouring areas. Had to stay quite clean for the bees, because they would smell your sweat or the horses' sweat and they would sting. If you were clean, you would be fine. They wintered their bees. Dug a cellar 4-5 feet deep. Built it up with logs. They took the hives in there as soon as it gets cold. The bees gather together to stay warm. The bees can't run out of food or they will starve. Use them for production in the summer and winter them. You can't take all the honey if you winter them, but you will be able to get honey sooner in the spring. They would sell their honey to the cooperatives, earlier just to the stores in the area. They made food in their house with honey instead of sugar. A lot of people did that. When the war came, there was a rationing of sugar, but they didn't need to worry, because they had honey. For a cold, there was hot tea, with honey and lemon. Wheat and barley was done in addition to the beekeeping, to feed the pigs and chickens. When they needed food, mother would just walk out to the yard and chop a chicken's head off with a hatchet, pick the feathers, and soon it would be on the table. They also had turkeys and ducks. They had garden produce as well. Cabbage was very important. It was called mixed farming for a reason. Icemen would sell ice and they would use it to keep food cool. Meat was already processed. You couldn't get fresh milk because there was no refrigeration ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593#t=500.0,1815.93977"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593/index/52484/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apiaries","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family farms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foodways","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gardening","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132593#t=500.0,1815.93977"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2004-091-0531.WAV"]},"duration":2101.19692,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/594/small/Logo.png?1687987877","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/594/original/2004-091-0531.WAV?1660926751","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":2101.19692,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Threshing Crews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=0.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They never had a tractor. His neighbours had tractors, but they had horses. They didn't really need it. Their neighbours and his brother in law were in the tractor stage. Threshing machines and crews were becoming very popular. A farmer would buy a threshing machine and a tractor and in the fall they would put together a threshing crew. You would be hired on as a single or with a team of horses. You would work with the threshing organization and you would thresh your farm first as a priority. They would be paid. In the early days, there were only a few crews so they would start in September/October and go until after the first freeze up if they didn't do all of the farms in the area. Nick remembers working on a threshing crew when he was young. It was hard work. Getting up early, sleeping in a neighbour's hayloft. There was always fun, good humour, and good relationships. He remembers maybe 1934-35 the first threshing machines. He worked in probably 1939-40 with the threshing crew, in his later teen years. Things got more competitive as more crews were formed. Then combines came in middle of the 1940s, but weren't popular until the 1960s. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=0.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threshing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threshing machines","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=0.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Changes in food procurement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=284.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The big crisis of the 1930s was the stock market crash, and it was reflected in the economy. Pioneers lived on mix farms and had it rough anyways. Cash was not come across easily. If his dad gave him a nickel, he thought he was a king. They produced their own products, so a good percentage of the table was homemade. They were self sufficient, so no one knew any different. Nick talks about the differences between the 1930s and the time of the interview. He discusses the change from having food grown and raised at home, doing your own butchering, etc. to going to the grocery store to buy fresh meat or frozen meals. He thinks in the 1930s people were more educated because they butchered their own animals so they had to know what the different cuts of meat were, whereas now you just walk into a grocery store and that's the end of it.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=284.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"butchering","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food procurement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social change","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=284.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transportation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=506.0,1252.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The church was built  and opened in 1935. There was no permanent priest, he came from Edmonton, once or twice a year. They would request one when they had money and work around his schedule. The priest would come by train on Friday afternoon for a Sunday service and stay with the Ochotta or other families in the area until Monday when the train would go back to Edmonton. So it cost the priest four days to come out for a single service. They would go to Boyle to deliver produce or grain or needed to buy something like coal oil for coal oil lamps. It was 4 1/2 miles to go to Boyle. It was a whole day trip to go to town. Growing up on the farm everything in town was exciting. There was action all over and things were happening. The first people to get cars were the merchants. Their first car was in 1938. The car wasn't very good though, so they sold it. Their honey cans were taken to town by car so he learned to drive for that. When he got into the army he had to learn how to drive a tank. They did weeks of training of shifting gears. He calls this \"learning to drive formally\". 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Every once in a while a fellow would come down with a show. It was a 16 mm projector and he carried his own generator which was run by a gasoline engine, because there was no power. He would set up the screen and charge admission of about 25 cents. The whole town would show up. There was just one showing. It didn't matter what was playing everyone came because that was all that was playing. His name was George Honchak and he came from Smoky Lake, AB. There was an assortment of films he would bring. Nick talks about British comedian George Formby. Nick didn't go to all of them because of the money. He saw a film probably a few times a year. Dominion Day was a big day in town. There was always a picnic, with huge crowds and races and ball games. There was a big dance in the evening. They had Christmas Concerts. They always had a Christmas Concert at their school, north of the Ochotta farm. The teacher always prepared it and the stage was set up in the school, the curtains were drawn and the kids would perform. \"As [Peter] Shostak says 'you can always judge the quality of the teacher by the kind Christmas concert you had'\". 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Houses came in stages because of necessity. The first house, facing south, was maybe 16 x 20, and it had a stairwell into a cellar. It was one story, with a stove in one corner, a table, and a bed. Later his dad and brother added on the larger portion of the house. The main entrance was to the west, with a back door to the east. There were several windows. They had a connector door between the two buildings. Then they built a porch. There was a chimney with a stove. He built the new house around 1931-32.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=1655.0,2101.19692"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594/index/52483/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"houses","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pioneers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132594#t=1655.0,2101.19692"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2004-091-0532.WAV"]},"duration":888.95274,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/595/small/Logo.png?1687987888","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/595/original/2004-091-0532.WAV?1660926767","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":888.95274,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/index/52482","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/index/52482/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medicine and hospitals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595#t=0.0,253.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/index/52482/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that time, the nearest hospital was in Athabasca, which was 22 miles from town (Boyle) and 26 1/2 miles from the Ochotta farm. If you got the flu, you stayed in bed and drank tea with lemon and honey. Iodine was used to treat cuts. Some people used honey, as it is antibacterial. Honey has been considered antibacterial since the times of Egypt and Greece. If something was serious, you would have to load them into a horse drawn wagon and drive to Athabasca where you would hope you could find a doctor in his office or in the hospital sometimes. These were very serious situations. He tells the story of one day when his mother locked her jaw and he had to find the local merchant to drive her to the hospital. When he was born, his dad was the midwife, he had read up on midwifery. If something were to have gone wrong during a home birth, there would have been nothing they could have done, especially in winter.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595#t=0.0,253.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/index/52482/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conventional medicine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"folk medicine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hospitals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595#t=0.0,253.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/index/52482/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595#t=253.0,888.95274"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58563/file/132595/index/52482/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He started attending school in 1933. He was 7 years old. School started at 9:00 and went until 4:00 and they had an hour for lunch. A typical day in those days was very atypical, especially in the winter time when you had a heater to heat the school and some neighbour that lived not too far away would come and start a fire. It was supposed to be warm by 9:00 but it often wasn't. The school had 40 students in eight grades and only one teacher. They would all be sitting in one classroom, with the blackboard behind the teacher. She would talk to different grades at different times of the day. There was a lot of homework and a lot of tests and exams. They always made good grades. In grade one you were learning \"a, b, c's and 1, 2, 3's\". His English was fluent when he started school, because of his older siblings. He spoke Ukrainian to his parents but spoke English to his siblings. You could be penalized or spanked for speaking Ukrainian during school hours. Everyone was learning English. Everyone in the district was Ukrainian, Romanian, Bessarabian, etc. At the start of the school day they would come in and drop their lunches somewhere and then go outside and play ball. The teacher would show up and would ring the bell. Everyone went in and sat in their assigned seat. They would sing O Canada and God Save the King. They probably started with the Lord's Prayer. The teacher would take one grade or another and would start teaching. You would do yesterday's homework again while you waited. As the grades progressed the work got harder. There was reading, writing, and arithmetic, history, a second language after grade 10, geometry later on. They did projects in partners (aviation, coal mining, Japan, as topic examples). Would research and study and find out everything you could about the topic, get samples, build models, and then you would come in and lecture to the students. He reminisces that he and a friend did aviation as their topic, and then they both became pilots. The payoff came in grade 9 when you had to take a departmental exam. The exam came from the department. It was on literature, mathematics, history, social studies. You came to write the exam on that day and the envelope was sealed. You had two hours to write the exam. It was a good gauge of what you had learned in the previous nine years. 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