{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/8911n7zh6m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Ernie and Irene Enns"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Enns, Ernie (Interviewee)","Enns, Irene (Interviewee)","Kampen, Christine (Interviewer)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-04-26 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["4 audio files; wav; 1:55:00","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["jq085m116 (avalonid)","LC305 (other)","2005-091-4733 (local)","2005-091-4734 (local)","2005-091-4735 (local)","2005-091-4736 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","immigration (topical)","farm life (topical)","war (aggression) (topical)","citizenship (topical)","prejudice (topical)","Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Springstein, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Ste. Elizabeth, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Enns, Ernie (creation/production)","Interviewee: Enns, Irene (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kampen, Christine (creation/production)","Interviewer: Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/479/small/audio-default.png?1640665135","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 4 - 2005-091-4733.wav"]},"duration":1908.12299,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/479/small/audio-default.png?1640665135","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/479/original/2005-091-4733.wav?1661168836","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1908.12299,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: immigration to Canada, farming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=10.0,233.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that he was 5 when his family came to Canada in 1925. He can't remember too much about things in Russia but a lot about the trip itself. He describes himself as a very wild child. The family traveled via Moscow, Riga, London and Quebec City, and then by train to Winnipeg and then to Springstein, Manitoba, where they had relatives, and finally to Dufrost near Ste. Elizabeth, Manitoba, where they farmed for the next 5-7 years.\nAt that time, there was a request (not a written agreement) that the immigrants would not stay in the cities in order not to take jobs away from other people. Enns' father was not a farmer but he shared a farm with his three brothers, and they bought a big farm that they cut into four pieces. His mother had never been on a farm, she didn't know how to milk a cow. Enns talks about \"bittere Armut\" (dire poverty) but things improved after some years. However, the first two years were a disaster. Enns' parents came too late to plant anything (in July), and then they had to get through the winter somehow. The local French storekeeper was \"marvelous\" and helped them. The next year, it was a \"disaster weather-wise\", they had a poor crop. It was not until the 3rd year that Enns' parents saw a possibility to make the farm work. The Mennonites all had what they called the \"Reiseschuld\" (travel debt) to the CPR, they had come on credit. In the Enns family's case, relatives in Kansas had given them money. Enns recalls that they struggled even to pay 12 dollars of interest rates. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=10.0,233.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: career of father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=233.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Enns' father had been a teacher, \"and apparently a very good one\". He had a good reputation, and his father was invited to teach by the principal of the MCI (Mennonite Collegiate Institute) at Gretna, Manitoba. His father had no teaching certificate for Canada. The principal explains that he needed someone for German, religion and two or three other subjects. So Enns' father went to Gretna for one year but the family stayed on the farm. The second year, the family moved to Gretna but kept the farm because the season was short: 7 months or so.\nAt that time, Ältester Klassen (of the Schönwiese Mennonitengemeinde, now First Mennonite Church) in Winnipeg needed help and asked Enns' father to move to Winnipeg.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=233.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: childhood, school life, Valentine's Day","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=310.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Enns recalls that his experiences on the farm were happy ones: He had a horse and a dog, he was not happy when the family moved to Winnipeg. He was 12 then (in grade 6). He attended a one-room school with one teacher from grade 1-8. They were all immigrant children who couldn't speak a word of English. He says that the teacher (a woman) must have been in a panic. They started school in September. On Valentine's Day, the teacher announced that the students would \"bring a Valentine and get a Valentine\". When he went home and told his mother, she looked into the Eaton's catalogue but couldn't find any Valentines. Four families lived on the farm at the beginning, and Enns explained in \"very uncertain terms\" was a Valentine was: It had to do with hearts and shooting arrows. One of the children instructed by Enns painted a \"Valentine\": a billy goat and a red heart on his shoulder, and on the other corner a soldier with a rifle shooting at the goat. Then the boy wrote \"Bolshevik\" underneath the soldier. That was Enns' first Valentine. Enns doesn't know who got that Valentine and how the teacher reacted.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=310.0,462.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: School life in Winnipeg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=462.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Enns moved to Winnipeg to Victoria school, the principal said that \"kids from the country\" were set back a year. His father was angered and talked with the principal, so Enns went to grade 6 instead of grade 5 \"on probation\" for three months \"and I seemingly made it\". ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=462.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: citizenship, his horse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=499.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that on the farm, they became Canadian citizens after 5 years. The children became citizens on their parents' papers. He remembers his horse with \"real affection\". It was a white old horse. It had a bad habit: When he came near, it would put his head on the ground. He couldn't understand and kicked the horse but then he was told that the horse was trained to lay down so that one could get on it (for young children). He felt very bad that he kicked the horse that was trying to help him. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=499.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: life of parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=557.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns marvels at his parents that they left behind everything they had to come to Canada. However, things were \"terrible there\". Both his parents had given up their teaching careers. They were shown a picture of a revised history book without religion, and they were not able to accept this: Both resigned. His mother showed him this book in Russia. Enns' father was a minister in Winnipeg since 1932. Enns feels at home in Winnipeg. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=557.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: Mennonite community in Ste. Elizabeth, Manitoba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=664.0,764.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns shows a picture of a grain wagon with horses. There was no electricity then, no radios, certainly no TVs. Yet, the pioneers built a church after a few years. Irene Enns intervenes: She tells her husband to tell the interviewers about the church, the choir, the ministers and the cemetery. Ernie Enns continues: The Mennonite established \"not a blooming but a healthy environment in a few short years.\" Despite the poverty, they raised money for the church. Enns' father had been ordained a minister in Russia, and he established a choir. Enns says that \"the tragedy\" is that the first church they built is now in Steinbach, Manitoba, where it was hauled to. It was the first Mennonite church built by the Mennonites that came in the 1920s. There had been earlier ones in the 1870s.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=664.0,764.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: farming, immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=764.0,936.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns talks about the farm he grew up on, a \"big, big farm\". The boys of that family had been in WW I, one was killed, and the other one didn't want to move back on the farm, he wanted to stay in the city, so the parents sold the farm. Cases like this happened frequently after WW I. Enns remembers how worried his father was when he bought the farm completely on credit, there was no down payment: \"How can we ever pay that thing off?\" They bought the farm from a Winnipeg real estate company that had bought the farm from the owners. They had difficulties selling such a big farm, so they cut it into four pieces. A quarter section had 160 acres but they got an additional 80 acres adjacent to, so each person had 240 acres. Irene Enns adds: Ernie Enns' uncles also farmed there. Ernie Enns agrees: \"They were part of this quartet.\" Irene Enns says: The house where they lived in is still standing.\nAsked whether all these relatives came at the same time, Ernie Enns replies: \"Yes and no.\" Uncle Herman and some others came with the same boat, uncle Peter came in 1923. He was the one who said: \"Forget it, come here.\" He said: \"You're better off here with nothing than there with something.\" Peter stayed in Ontario with the Amisher Mennonites for a year or two. They were very prosperous. Irene Enns says that Peter came to Manitoba. Ernie Enns explains that \"you couldn't be too choosy\", they had to purchase land where it was available. Other Mennonites went on to the area of Rosthern, Saskatchewan. The Enns family had some relatives in Springstein, Manitoba, that's what prompted then to come to Manitoba. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=764.0,936.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: traveling to Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=936.0,1042.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns traveled to Russia four times: Twice prior to and twice after the break-up of the Soviet Union. Irene's sister lived in Russia, she died a few years ago in Tomsk where she had been banished. Her family is still there. For Enns it is sad to say that in many ways it was easier with the former regime than it is now. He states that the \"terrible years with Stalin were indescribable\" but then \"they themselves\" (the Russians) saw that it didn't work. Under Gorbachev, the situation changed radically, and Russia became a \"truly communist state\". Before under Lenin and Stalin, there was \"brutal dictatorship\", not communism. Ernie Enns says that today, Russia is \"disorganized\", and corruption is \"so rife there now\". He states that the change was not for the better but makes people's lives harder. The pensions in Russia are \"modest\", and Enns recalls that \"we're so fortunate to have what we have\" in Canada.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=936.0,1042.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: life story","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1042.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that \"Irene could run faster than the other girls, that's how she got me.\" (Everyone is laughing.) Irene Enns says: \"Delete this. He was the most eligible bachelor.\" (She laughs.)\nThe interviewer asks Irene Enns how she made it to Canada while her sister stayed behind in Russia. She states that her sister wanted to emigrate too but her sister's husband was a farmer. Her other married sister's husband was a teacher. Ernie Enns intervenes: Irene's father was also a teacher. Irene Enns continues: They \"wouldn't teach what was told\", so they stopped teaching. They were given permission to leave, and the family came to Canada in October 1928. Her older sister with her husband and two children came in 1929. (The phone is ringing.)\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1042.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: Mennonite work ethics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1114.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns shows picture of Ältester Heinrich Unruh from Molochna. He wrote a prophetic short paragraph in \"Grandfather's closing pages\" (Enns reads): \"And should we be forced to leave our Russian fatherland as poor as beggars, we are not a down-trodden beggarly people, thank God. If we were to receive land on this planet which is reasonably good, and we should have freedom, we would show our true worth and we will thank God for the cleansing and return the hearts of our children to the ancestors.\"\nErnie Enns recalls that the Mennonites became \"fairly well-to-do in a short time\" out of nothing. He repeats that \"we are not a beggarly people\". He stressed that the Mennonites are looking after themselves but \"not under the conditions that were in Russia\". (After a break): \"Yeah, life, eh?\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1114.0,1181.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: family, siblings, rooming house, domestic work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1181.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns continues her life story: Her parents came to Canada with five girls; she was the youngest of 10 children. Two of the 10 children had died in Russia, her older brother came to Canada in 1923, and the other two sisters were married. They came in October 1928, her older sister and her family came in November. One sister tried and hoped in 1928 and 1929, and finally, the authorities said no. Her sister's husband was arrested in about 1935 and was never heard from since. Her sister came to Germany during the war, then she was in the Russian zone and she was sent to Tomsk in Siberia with her family, and she died there. She came to Canada to visit them twice but she didn't want to break up her family and stayed in Russia. Ernie Enns intervenes: Some of Irene's sister's children had married Russians, it was not so simple, some of them didn't want to come to Canada. Irene Enns continues: \"She had a very difficult life.\" When Irene Enns came to Canada in 1928, her brother was already working for the immigration office of the CNR. He had a difficult time, he had been a young teacher in Russia. He worked for the CPR on the railroad for a year, and then he went to Gretna high school to get his grade 12 and his teaching certificate but he never used it because the CNR hired him as an immigration officer. Her brother spoke several languages. In 1929, the family rented a rooming house in Logan, Winnipeg. (Irene Enns describes in detail where it was located.) It was a big house, it had 13 rooms. It was not very well kept, her parents had to work hard. One room had six beds in it, others had four beds. Her parents kept these rooms for Mennonite people that would come in for the night. A lot of people came in from the country for appointments, and they spent the night in the Mennonite homes. The area was known for rooming houses ran by Mennonite people. When the Depression hit, people couldn't pay any more. The farmers gave them produce, potatoes and cream and sometimes chicken instead of money. It was easier for her mother to cook when she got produce from the country. It was hard work. Her father had a very bad enlarged heart and couldn't work physically so her mother had to do the physical work. Irene Enns' sisters went to school, and she eventually went to school too. She was four when they came to Canada in 1928. Her older sisters got married. They were 18-19 when the family came to Canada, so they worked as domestics right away. They worked in wealthy homes. Ernie Enns adds: \"They spoke a good English right away.\" Irene Enns continues: \"No, they didn't speak a good English.\" Her sisters didn't have good experience as domestics but they earned money and gave everything home so that the parents could pay the \"Reiseschuld\". Her sisters were given a uniform and were given their meals where they worked. Thursday afternoon was maid's day off. Her sisters and a lot of relatives and friends would come to their place and \"congregate there\". They could also come on Sunday afternoon or evening; then they usually went to church. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1181.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: school life, left-handedness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1468.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two of Irene Enns' sisters went to school and learned English very quickly. Irene Enns thinks that she could speak English before she started school, she had two years training at home. Ernie Enns asks why. Irene Enns explains that she was left-handed, and her father who had been a teacher in Russia thought that she had to write with her right hand. So he got her a couple of scribblers and a grade 1-reader, and she had to copy the grade 1-reader. By the time she started school, the teacher thought that she was very smart, she could already read. The interviewer asks if she is still right-handed. Irene Enns says that she writes with her right hand but she does many things with her left hand. There were four of them in her family that were left-handed. Her older sister was also left-handed, and they tied her left arm to her body so that she couldn't eat with her left-hand. Irene Enns says: \"That was cruel.\" Both Irene and Ernie Enns attended the same school in Winnipeg but as Ernie Enns is 4 years older, they didn't go to school together. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1468.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: work at the Eaton's, discrimination of married women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1575.0,1908.12299"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479/index/52563/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns' first job was at the Eaton's mail order. There were a lot of farmers there. She started as a runner: It was where Eaton's used to be, at Winnipeg place. There was a sales room on the 8th floor. The people from the country would come in. There were long tables, three catalogues on each table and two sales clerks who would write in the orders. The runners would take the orders to the different floors and bring the goods up. The customers would see what they would buy, they didn't always buy something.\nIrene Enns' second job was as sales clerk. She recalls a \"little incident\". It took a while for the runners to bring the goods up, e. g. felt boots, and then they just put rubbers over them. The farmers were wrapped up to their knees, with harnesses. There were a lot of Mennonites, and they spoke Low German. (She says a sentence in Low German.) Sometimes, she pretended not to understand them when they complained. When they bought something, she would thank them in Low German.\nThe Eaton's mail order also had truck drivers that picked up orders from the people living in the country. They had a counter that processed the orders from the truck drivers, and Irene Enns worked there for a while (for a couple of years). The orders were brought in at 8 o'clock in the morning, they processed them, and at 3-5 o'clock, the orders were picked up downstairs. She was made supervisor of 5 girls. In 1944, Irene Enns got married to Ernie Enns, and Eatons didn't keep married women full time. The interviewer asks why. Irene Enns repeats: Because she was married. Ernie Enns intervenes: \"You (married women) are supposed to be home with the kids, barefoot.\" Irene Enns continued: Married women were not given full time jobs but she was called back at Christmas time but not in the mail order. They got married in September 1944, and Irene Enns continued to work until New Years. After that, she applied at the main store because it was war time and her husband was earning 50 cents a day because he was a conscientious objector, \"and we had to live somehow.\" Ernie Enns jokes: \"I married you for the money. Big pay at Eaton's.\" (He laughs.) Irene Enns continues: She also had to support her mother. She had been 11 when her father died. Whenever a sister had a baby and needed help, that's where Irene Enns and her mother moved to. She did a lot of moving around. When she finished high school, Irene Enns chose not to go to university in order to work and support her mother. When she applied at the Eaton's main store, she was hired part-time at the flying squad. They would phone her at 10 o'clock in the morning to tell her that she would have to be there at 11. She didn't get many hours. Ernie Enns intervenes: Irene Enns worked there all in all for 40 years. Irene Enns continues: She didn't work when she had her children but then she started to work again.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133479#t=1575.0,1908.12299"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 4 - 2005-091-4734.wav"]},"duration":1792.20898,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/480/small/audio-default.png?1640665278","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/480/original/2005-091-4734.wav?1661168857","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1792.20898,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: rooming house in the depression years","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=14.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns recalls that life during the depression was very difficult in Winnipeg too. After her father's death, Irene Enns cleaned up some of his books, much later. She noticed that many people had owed her father money: 10 cents for breakfast, 15 cents for lunch, 20 or 25 cents for supper. People just could not pay. The price was 15 cents for a room, or 25 cents for \"more or less a private room\". A dollar was \"very, very high for the night\" but usually included breakfast. The interviewer says that the prices were different from today.\nIrene Enns describes the way her mother did the laundry. She hauled water to the basement where she had a wood stove and a gas stove. Her mother carried steaming pails of water down to the basement and poured them into the washing machine. The rest of the machine was electric (it was made electric later and had a wooden tub). Her mother had to do the laundry a couple of times a week, it depended on how many people came and how many sheets she had to change. They changed the sheets once a week and also washed the floors.\nAsked if the rooming house was successful, Irene Enns recalls that they had many visitors. Ernie Enns intervenes: The rooming house would have been even more successful if it wasn't the poor health of Irene Enns' father, so her mother had to do most of the work. He states that many people couldn't pay their credits.\nIrene Enns continues: Many people had become friends. There were other immigrants that had come \"from Austria or so\". One man left a trunk with them. Irene Enns' father died in June 1935, and between 1935 and 1936, they moved out of the rooming house because her mother couldn't keep it. (A clock is ringing. Irene and Ernie Enns remind the interviewer that she should move her car so that she wouldn't be fined.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=14.0,228.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: Internment of brother-in-law during WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=228.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns' sister Rita married a German citizen who had come to Canada in the late 1920s from Kiel, Germany. He had not become a Canadian citizen yet when the war started. Before Canada declared war, he was arrested and put into a civilian internment camp. Her sister had given birth to twins a week before, and the RCMP didn't let her know for three days where her husband was. Her sister lost her Canadian citizenship because she was married to a German national. She had to go to the RCMP every month to give her fingerprints and to report that she was still in Winnipeg. If she wanted to go within a radius of more than 25 miles out of the city, she had to report where she was going. She had four children and didn't do any traveling. Her husband Werner was interned for about 3 years. Then, another brother-in-law sponsored him and vouched for him and gave him a job at Modern Machinery. Two of Werner's brother were interned for the full length of the war and sent back to Germany. There were four brothers. Werner's younger brother Günter Neuberg (?) had been working on the farm during harvest time, and they couldn't find him, so he went to the RCMP himself when he heard that they were looking for him. They told him that he wouldn't be arrested until he wouldn't \"yell Heil Hitler\". (Ernie Enns laughs.) They were members of a German club, \"Der Deutsche Bund\" (a pro-Nazi society) in Winnipeg. Irene Enns recalls that somebody seemingly had a grudge against these people and given the RCMP a list of members. There were many people in Winnipeg arrested. Ernie Enns adds: \"Like the Japanese in BC, a reaction, an overreaction at the beginning of the war.\" Irene Enns recalls that the Japanese lost all their property and were sent to different places in Alberta. They were not treated well.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=228.0,422.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: conscientious objector in WW II, work as censor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=422.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that he was very lucky when the war broke out. He was 20 then. They wanted people from age 18 to volunteer and if not they automatically got a call for a four months training period. He applied as a conscientious objector. He was asked by George Adamson who was an unpredictable man, some people fared poorly but Ernie Enns was treated fairly. Adamson asked some penetrating questions. There were 5 members of their church who were not granted this status, and they ended up in jail because they wouldn't join the army, e. g. Frank Peters and a few others. Ernie Enns recalls that this aspect is not talked about too often. Ernie Enns told Adamson that he would be happy to help in the medical corps but Adamson said that the would have to take the basic medical training but there would be no guarantee that he could stay in the medical corps. Ernie Enns recalls that in places like Germany, he would have been just shot. He is very thankful that Canada had the possibility of conscientious objection. He spent two years in Kananaskis, Alberta, it was a Mennonite camp there. There were nine Mennonites, it was a weather station, and Ernie Enns worked as a meteorological observer. Once a month, he had to go to Calgary for reporting. The first year, he couldn't go home for Christmas but the 2nd year he got a permission. He didn't come back because he was accepted at a hospital in Winnipeg where other conscientious objectors were working.\nDuring one of his multiple trips to Calgary, he noticed an ad in the paper that they were searching for censors for German prisoners of war mail. Ernie Enns applied and had to translate a paragraph from German into English and vice versa. He thought that it wasn't difficult at all but never heard from them. After a month, he inquired and was told that he didn't qualify. He got only 49 points instead of 50. Ernie Enns was very disappointed and surprised. Later, he got a letter from Ottawa asking if he was still interested in the job, and he was told that he got 95 points. The last year, he spent in Ottawa as a censor of mail. German POWs could write and receive a letter once a month, and they would all be censored. They were instructed by the censors of WW I. They showed them what they had done: They had a big black brush: \"Dear mother...black...your son\", the rest was censored. This time, they were told to censor as little as possible and to read it carefully. Often, censoring would have been stupid. Ernie Enns got the letters of POWs with surnames from S to W. He recalls a letter about a man called Willi Schmidt, the brother of a POW. His mother told the POW that his brother Willi is now with the marina. Was it a battleship, a submarine. Later, Ernie Enns learned that Willi Schmidt is now in Kiel for training, and they assumed that the headquarters of all submarine schools were there: Willi and the submarine were tied together in Ernie Enns' report. Sometimes, the letters included pictures, for example: \"Here is Willi in Argentina\". This meant that a submarine was there. Instead of cancelling it, they used the mail for this type of information. The number of the submarine was in the picture, and Ernie Enns could name the ship. He lived on his wife's salary. He got a raise: Instead of 15, he got 25 dollars a month.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=422.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: work for the British intelligence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=851.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns recalls that they were married in September (1944), and in January, Ernie Enns went to Ottawa. Irene Enns got laid off and then got a job selling Spirella corsets door to door. (The interviewers burst out laughing.) In April 1945, on her 21st birthday, she went to Ottawa to join her husband. Irene Enns applied at the British intelligence. After the interview, she heard the officer saying to another one in the next room that she was qualified but the only problem was that she was born in Russia. She thought that the Russians were the Canadian allies, so why would he say that? She got the job anyway and wasn't to tell anyone what she was doing. She was a random tester for mail. They took mail anywhere, it could be local mail or the other mail. They had to steam the envelopes open and they had chemicals that they painted over them. Ernie Enns intervenes: You looked for hidden ink. Irene Enns continues: They were looking for hidden messages. After they cancelled everything, no-one could see that the letter had been opened.\nThe interviewer asks if they found a secret message. Irene Enns says yes, on a little dot visible only under ultraviolet light. It's brighter and darker than the rest, and if one magnifies it, there is a message in it. If they found something, they would pass it on to their superiors. They didn't even know what chemicals they were using, they were given new chemicals everyday. They also put light under the stamps and they could see some writing there. Asked if this was just civilian mail, Irene Enns says yes. Ernie Enns intervenes: The authorities had a lot of reason to do that because people from South America sent such messages. Irene Enns continues: They got a lot of mail between Canada and Argentina. Irene Enns worked there only for the last six months and when the war was already over. The girls who had worked there longer had a lot of stories to tell.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=851.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: life in Ottawa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1045.0,1095.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked why Irene Enns wanted to do that (to work for the British intelligence), Irene Enns recalls that she had to find a job to support her husband: \"We had to pay the rent, we had to eat, we couldn't cook in our room.\" When Eaton's didn't hire her anymore in Winnipeg, she joined her husband in Ottawa, and she got good pay. Irene Enns emphasizes that they had to eat all their meals out. They ordered two bicycles from Winnipeg and rode to work everyday.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1045.0,1095.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: WW II and aftermath","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1095.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks Ernie Enns how did he feel about censoring POW mail while his brother-in-law was interned. Ernie Enns recalls that he knew that he was innocent. Irene Enns intervenes: She wrote once a month to Kurt, her brother-in-law's brother, who had no-one to write to.\nErnie Enns recalls that as a Canadian he didn't want to kill people. He recalls reading an ad in the Calgary Herald looking for ambulance drivers. Seven Mennonites volunteered to become ambulance drivers but they weren't accepted. He underlines that he was willing \"to do our bit\". He felt ashamed when people said they would join up tomorrow if they knew that they won't shoot them: \"What kind of conscientious objector are you, you know.\"\nThe interviewer wonders that Ernie und Irene Enns were allowed to do such jobs during the war while relatives of them were interned. Both Irene and Ernie Enns recall that they were kept on a list after the war but they didn't want because Ernie Enns would have probably been sent to Germany and Irene Enns to England. They didn't want to split.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1095.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: meeting each other","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1280.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked how they met, Ernie Enns recalls that they met in the choir practice. (The interviewer bursts out laughing. She says that all their interviewees met their spouses in the choir practice. They are all laughing.) Irene Enns recalls that she was 14 when she joined the choir, and Ernie Enns was already in the choir at age 18. She repeats her husband's joke: \"As he said, I ran faster than the other girls.\"\nErnie Enns says that they courted for 6-7 years but they became boyfriend and girlfriend only during the war. Then, they both knew that they're gonna get married. When Ernie Enns came home for Christmas the second year, they \"officially\"...Irene Enns ends the sentence: \"became engaged\". Ernie Enns recalls that marrying his wife was \"one of the few smart things I did.\"\nIrene Enns recalls that they will be married for 61 years this year. Irene Enns' father was a Sunday school teacher and a Sunday school superintendent, and he sang with the children. Irene and Ernie Enns went to Sunday school and German school together although Ernie was older (he was 12 then). Irene Enns says that they \"always were aware of each other, right?\"\nLater, they both attended Daniel McIntyre school in Winnipeg.\nIrene Enns recalls that Ernie Enns was a friend of her nephew John who was 3 years older than her. Ernie Enns came visiting all the time because Irene Enns' sister had twins and her mother and she had moved there to support her sister with the children. Irene Enns recalls that she made herself visible when Ernie Enns visited. Irene Enns asked the interviewers if they want to get hints from her: \"Maybe you have your boyfriends?\" (The interviewer is laughing, she says that it is always interesting to hear people's stories.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1280.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: pacifism, Mennonite faith and history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1422.0,1605.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is concerned about how pacifism \"is fading in importance\" to the Mennonite churches. He says that \"we are all Christians\" and he is \"happy for the pope\" and hopes that the new one (Benedict XVI) will be successful. But how are the Mennonites different? There are two things: First, they have adult baptism which is radically different from other Christian denominations. That's they reason why they are struggling with the Catholics because they are born and a few days later they are baptized, there are thousands and millions. The second thing is that they try to be pacifists, they are against war: \"We left countries for that reason.\" When Friedrich the Great introduced military training in Prussia, the Mennonites said: \"Well, let's try Russia, the invitation there.\" People came to Canada in 1870. People in Russia were unhappy that their people were dying in wars and the Mennonites were not. There was an alternative service for Mennonites introduced in Russia but the Mennonites thought that it was the beginning of military service, so they left for Canada. Ernie Enns thinks that in his church, close to 15 percent were in the army. That bothers him. Ernie Enns names a few who were in the army: in the medical corps, and they stayed there. Irene Enns intervenes: She thinks that they all were in the medical corps. Ernie Enns says: Nick was in the air force. Irene Enns agrees. Ernie Enns recalls that pacifism was so important that the Mennonites would rather leave than join the army: \"Now we are prepared to weigh the pros and cons.\" He thinks that peace is the desire of everyone and the Mennonites should not weaken but strengthen their position. Irene Enns says that there are more people of other faiths who are beginning to raise the issue of pacifism.\nErnie Enns recalls that 4.5 years and 50 cents a day is \"not exactly to get ahead in this world.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1422.0,1605.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: pacifism, Mennonites serving in the military","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1605.0,1908.122"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480/index/52577/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks Ernie Enns if his father as Ältester of the Schönwiese church during and after the war had a say in the question of pacifism. Ernie Enns says that people were excommunicated for joining the military. Irene Enns adds: \"but not in our church.\" Ernie Enns says that there was a \"very, very active discussion\" about this. Ernie Enns says he is glad that in their church, people weren't excommunicated because the church is for sinners, and even if they were sinning by joining the military, they shouldn't be excommunicated. It was a difficult subject, and Ernie Enns recalls that their church was more \"ostracized than others\".\nIrene Enns says that she thinks that all the Mennonites who were in the army e. g. as pilots \"had their time with the judge\" and had not got their permission to become conscientious objectors. So they served in the army rather than to go to prison. She thinks that they hoped that they wouldn't have to shoot anybody. Ernie Enns repeats that WW II was a difficult time for the Mennonites.\nErnie Enns talks about why Mennonites left Manitoba and went to Mexico: Because of the Canadian flag or the English language? He rather thinks because of the threat of military service. Ernie Enns thinks that the Mennonites today fear the debate. Irene Enns says that they want protection, police protection for instance. Ernie Enns says that he wasn't 100 percent sure that he was always right when he was a conscientious objector, he had four years to think about it: Why would he want police protection when he was not willing to do it himself? Ernie Enns recalls that \"life isn't simple\". In the MCC (Mennonite Church Canada) they found the right formula: \"The actions speak louder than words.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133480#t=1605.0,1908.122"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 4 - 2005-091-4735.wav"]},"duration":1673.32281,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/481/small/audio-default.png?1640665411","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/481/original/2005-091-4735.wav?1661168877","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1673.32281,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: reflections on the interview","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=0.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns says that \"it's sad that the world is in such a mess.\" Irene Enns reminds her husband that \"these girls are here for the dirty thirties\". (She laughs.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=0.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: Canadian citizenship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=11.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is asked about becoming a Canadian citizen. The interviewer asks how \"that felt like\". He wasn't even there, his parents went to Morris, Manitoba, to the RCMP, and the children were not asked to come. Irene Enns intervenes: Children were automatically made Canadian citizens with their parents. Ernie Enns doesn't even remember how old he was when he became a Canadian citizen, and there wasn't anything different from before: \"It's sort of a sad thing but that's a fact.\" Ernie Enns recalls that his parents were very grateful for the Canadian citizenship. His mother was concerned because her English was limited. By that time, they were convinced that they had done the right thing.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=11.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: father, immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=86.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that his wife's parents would have gone back to Russia on the next boat if they had had the money. Irene Enns continues: \"My father was very, very unhappy.\" Her father had been a teacher in Russia, \"he was somebody\", in Canada \"he tried his stint\". The family arrived in October, and in spring he went on the farm, he was supposed to work on a farm for five years. His heart was so bad, \"he lasted a week and just about died there.\" So her father went back to Winnipeg where they already had the rooming house. They left in 1925, and in 1928, things were getting better. Her father could teach but he didn't teach religion in schools. He had no income in Canada.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=86.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: emigrating or not","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=165.0,254.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns intervenes: The decision to emigrate or not was very difficult. He remembers Mennonites talking: They had survived the First World War, the Russian Revolution, the anarchy, the typhoid fever, the starvation - they had survived all that. The opinion was that it couldn't get any worse and that some \"common sense\" was prevailing. Mennonites in Russia said that they would just \"hang in here.\" They thought that the had survived the worst but in fact the worst - the Stalinist Purges - was just to come. Ernie Enns says that he can't put himself into the position of these people. In the case of his family, it was his father who said: \"Let's go.\" Ernie Enns' uncles would come if they got the permission to leave, so his father had to do all the legwork. Irene Enns intervenes:  \"It wasn't so easy to get your papers to leave.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=165.0,254.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: sister","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=254.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns recalls that one sister was going to teachers' college in Russia. She was expelled because she wouldn't go with the doctrines there, \"the communist things.\" Her sister had one or two years left and would have been a young teacher.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=254.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: Canadian citizenship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=297.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns remembers when her family became Canadian citizens. Her father had applied, and he was granted Canadian citizenship but before he got the papers, he died. Her mother wasn't on there, just her sisters. Her mother had her own papers. After her father's death, her mother applied again, and by that time, her sisters were old enough to get their own citizenship papers, and she was the only one on her mother's citizenship papers. There wasn't any ceremony like now, in front of a judge. Then, they asked questions if the person could speak English well enough. Ernie Enns intervenes: Then, citizenship was granted basically by the RCMP. Irene Enns agrees. She does not remember going there, but her brother took her mother there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=297.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: sister Rita and Canadian citizenship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=406.0,502.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns asks his wife to talk about her sister Rita. Irene Enns asks if the tape is off, the interviewer says that the tape is running. Irene Enns asks if she already mentioned that her sister Rita lost her citizenship after her husband was arrested. Ernie Enns intervenes: Only when Rita was to get her old age pension, she found out that she had lost her citizenship. Irene Enns continues: Her sister became a Canadian citizen after she was 65. Irene Enns explains: Her sister had become a Canadian citizen together with her father but then she lost citizenship because she married a German. She didn't realize that she had lost it. When Rita applied for her old age pension, she found out that she was not a citizen. However, you get an old age pension even without citizenship if you have been in Canada for 10 years.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=406.0,502.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: language use, High and Low German","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=502.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks both Irene and Ernie Enns: What language was spoken at home. Both reply simultaneously: German. The interviewer asks if they spoke High or Low German. Ernie Enns spoke High German, Irene Enns Low German. Irene Enns explains why and says that it's a long story. Her father wasn't raised at home, so his first language was Russian. He spoke German too but he couldn't speak a word of Low German and couldn't understand it either. His first teaching job was in Neuenburg (a Mennonite colony in Ukraine). People there thought that her father was too proud to speak Plautdietsch (Low German) - she says the sentence in Low German. Her father was 19 then, and the thought that when he ever gets married, his children should learn Low German first and then High German. So at home, Irene Enns always spoke Low German.\nIrene and Ernie Enns spoke High German with their children. Irene Enns says that she can't speak English to babies. (The interviewers are laughing.)\nIrene and Ernie Enns say that their children didn't learn Low German but they understand it.\nErnie Enns recalls that they had German Wednesday and Saturday school. Irene Enns continues: In their church, they had German school on Wednesday evenings and Saturday mornings. Ernie and Irene Enns recalls that they learned \"how to write properly\": Gothic script. Irene Enns says that Ernie Enns' father was their teacher. They also learned \"all the German songs\". For a break, \"they had to stand in a row and learn German songs\".\nErnie Enns recalls that they were visited by a girl from Germany, she is 15 now, her cousin's daughter's daughter. She speaks five languages. She is coming here to improve her English. She was born in Uzbekistan and speaks Uzbek. She also had to speak Russian there. Her parents tried to make sure that she always had some German. She lives in Germany now and takes French and Spanish. Irene Enns says that the girl's English is excellent, even when it comes to the sentence structure. Sometimes, she hesitates a bit.\nErnie Enns recalls that their daughter is going back to Germany this year to teach. She is retiring from being a school teacher and has happy memories when she was a young teacher in Germany (for two years). Irene Enns continues: Their daughter is retiring from the school division and is going to teach in Dresden for two years, and in an international school.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=502.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Ernie Enns: German organizations, internment, attitude of Mennonites towards Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=755.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns participated in the German Day in Winnipeg in the 1930s, she sang in the choir. The German Day took place at Churchill drive, it used to be River Park. Ernie Enns mentioned a German newspaper. Irene Enns thinks it was named \"Der Nordwesten\" (The Northeast) but Ernie Enns has in mind a different one. He can't recall the name, it was short-lived, and it was \"a real effort to promote German here\". He says that when it comes to politics, the paper was \"questionable\". Mr. Patt (?), the organizer of the German Day and the editor of this newspaper, was also in the group that was arrested. Irene Enns recalls that it was \"people like him\" that were \"really connected with the Germans in Germany\". Through him, a lot of others who were innocent were also arrested. Ernie Enns recalls an \"elderly gentleman\", Dr. Selem (?) who was a German conservative here. After Hitler came to power in Germany, \"new ones moved in, and that was a different breed\". The interviewer asks how long their brother-in-law who was arrested had been in Canada. Irene Enns recalls that he had been in Canada for about 5 years, maybe less, not long enough to become a Canadian citizen. He was arrested in 1939 when England and Germany were already at war. He had come to Canada due to unemployment in Germany, and he came with his parents and siblings. Ernie Enns recalls that after WW I, \"things were pretty grim\" in Germany.\nIrene Enns recalls that another reason may have caused the arrest of her brother-in-law Werner: His grandfather in Germany had died, and there was a little inheritance, and his father went to Germany to collect this inheritance. It was about six months before war was declared, and his parents went back to Germany: \"It was supposed to be temporarily but it wasn't.\" Werner and his siblings belonged to the German club and were seen as Nazis.\nThe interviewer asks if Werner saw the German \"Bund\" as something only cultural? Why was he part of \"Der Deutsche Bund\"?\nIrene Enns explains that the \"Deutsche Bund\" did operettas and had a choir. Werner was basically in the choir, and her sister met him there. They did light opera there. It was announced in different German churches that they needed singers, so two of Irene Enns' sisters joined the choir there: \"It was a social club.\" Ernie Enns adds: \"At least it was made to appear\" a social club. The club also organized camps for the young people, especially for boys. Ernie Enns intervenes: \"It was a moral booster\". Irene Enns continues: Some of the Mennonites were involved but her brother-in-law Werner was a Baptist. The interviewer states that there was definitely a political element, she wrote about it. She is wondering if people just looked over it?\nErnie Enns intervenes: It was not well into the war that the atrocities of the Nazis were revealed. Before that the attitude was: \"Nazi - that's wonderful.\" People were impressed by the economic achievements of Germany. Ernie Enns remembers the Nazi slogan: \"Kraft durch Freude\" (Strength through Joy). He says that this was \"a very positive side of the thing\". When the Nazi atrocities came to light, there was such a shock that many people couldn't believe it: \"Today you say: How could they? That's hindsight, you know.\"\nErnie Enns explains the \"condescension\" or (he is looking for the right word) \"racism\" of the German. There were German colonies in Russia: They were Lutherans or Mennonites but they were not Russians. They would learn some Russian but they had their own schools. The material came from Germany, long before Hitler: \"Anything from Germany was good. It was quality paper, quality books.\" He concludes: \"Russian: question mark; German: good.\" He takes the example of Mr. Wilms (?), a Mennonite architect who studied in Berlin \"where they have the best schools for architecture\", not in Moscow or Leningrad: \"That feeling prevailed.\" When the Mennonites came to Canada, they inherited that feeling. Ernie Enns recalls that \"plastic stuff\" imported from Japan was seen as \"junk\", now as \"quality\". It was the common attitude people had towards Japanese merchandise. He says that \"it's good to have that feeling\" when it comes to German quality but it has \"side effects\". It was hard for them to come to term with their new ambiguous attitude towards Germany after the war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=755.0,1247.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns: work during WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=1247.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Enns recalls that all the boyfriends or husbands of the girls she worked with were in the war. They had a memorial service in the morning when a girl was worried that their husband or boyfriend was killed: \"And I really felt guilty that Ernie was in the CO camp, you know? I really did.\" She \"figured that it's not right. He's in no danger.\" Asked if the other girls contributed to that feeling, Irene Enns says: \"one or two\". A lot of Hutterites came to the mail order (of Eaton's in Winnipeg). One Hutterite girl said to her: \"Irene, how can you continue working - I know that it's just for Christmas - after you're married?\" She asked the girl what she meant. The girl told her that she had to wear the kerchief and a long skirt because she thought that she was a Hutterite. Irene Enns explained to the girl that she is a Mennonite, not a Hutterite. She explained to her that she was not going to change her hair style. (She laughs.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=1247.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: a family picture of 1928, moving a house","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=1354.0,1515.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns looks at a picture from the late 1920s depicting his parents and their new home. There is also his grandmother in the picture, as well as himself, brother Siegfried, and his sister Selma. He wrote in the back: \"Es war nicht die harte Arbeit, schwer war der (!) drückende Armut. 1928\" (It was not the hard work, hard was the dire poverty.) He states that if one looks at the faces and the clothes, it's \"like day and night\" compared to what they had had in Russia where they had \"everything going for them\". The grandmother in the picture was Enns' paternal grandmother. She didn't live always with them. (Enns finds out that his sister Marlies is not in the picture, although her name is written in the back, he counts the children in the picture again.)\nErnie Enns recalls that the house in the picture had been moved with 28 horses from another farm in the wintertime. There was a foreman who knew something about moving, and the neighbours got together to move the building. They started with 12 horses but they \"couldn't budge it\". Asked why his parents didn't build a house from scratch, Ernie Enns recalls that he thinks that there was an empty house not being used.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=1354.0,1515.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: barn, preserving photographs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=1515.0,1908.122"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481/index/52578/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Ernie Enns is looking for a picture showing his parents building a barn on that same farm. He finally finds it.) They called the carpenter \"grandpa\" but he wasn't their grandfather. He shows another picture of the barn finished. Enns recalls that the barn was \"used for years and years, now it's torn down again\". The interviewer asks \"why the roof is so pointy\". Ernie Enns explains that they had a bowl outside with a pulley, and then they could get the hay through a big door. They never used it but the provision for it can be seen in the picture. The bowl was underneath the roof there. The pulley was pulled with horses. Many farms used this system. The picture is from 1928. Ernie Enns writes the year on the back of the picture: He states that it's \"a sin that we commit: A picture without a name, a date, and place should be thrown in the garbage, sooner rather than later.\" He thinks that pictures without a description will be thrown away anyway by the next generation. He thinks that if his children will know that their father is in the picture, they won't throw it away.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133481#t=1515.0,1908.122"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 4 of 4 - 2005-091-4736.wav"]},"duration":1527.68726,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/482/small/audio-default.png?1640665536","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/content/4/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/482/original/2005-091-4736.wav?1661168895","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1527.68726,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 4 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: chores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=0.0,55.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is asked if he had to do a lot of chores on the farm. They had a mixed farm, they had pigs, chickens, cows and horses. He says that \"today you call it slave labour\" what he did when he was young, \"child labour\": He was big for his age, and as his father was also a minister, he helped any time he could. He recalls that despite \"all these modern conveniences\", people keep saying that they are \"so busy\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=0.0,55.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: life in Winnipeg in the 1930s","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=55.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that when the family moved to Winnipeg, he experienced a \"sort of culture shock\" when he came to a big school from a one-room-school: \"And then being demoted the first day was a good start.\" His father earned 75 dollars a month. It was \"very slim picking\", as his parents had seven children. They paid 25 dollars rent for their house which was \"very reasonable\" but it left 50 dollars for everything else. He remembers how happy his father was when he got a 10 dollars raise the second year. When Ernie Enns was in grade 9, 10 and 11, his father had to buy certain books but he had no money. The teacher asked Ernie Enns how much is father earned. He didn't know it for sure then and was asked to bring a note, then he would get the books for free.\nThe interviewer asks if he was ever ashamed of your poverty. He replies: \"It guess the answer is yes.\" He could not have certain things compared to other children in his school. His nickname was \"farmer\". (He laughs.) Ernie Enns says that he knew by the tone of the voice whether it was a compliment or \"a slur or something\". For five years, Ernie Enns went back to the farm every summer and worked at his uncle's place. He was happy the first year but the second and third years, he was already not so happy.\nErnie Enns recalls that the crash of 1929 was a disaster world-wide. The place of his wife's parents was full of unemployed people in the summer months. They went across the street to the Salvation Army to get a free meal. Grown-up men had left their families in Ontario looking for work west, riding the rails. He recalls accounts of the Neumayer (?) family from Germany, they were Baptists, not Mennonites, about how bad it was in Germany then. Ernie Enns thinks that the Depression gave rise to a new party (the Nazis) that said: \"we'll fix it\". They \"fixed\" it by building more submarines and guns for the next war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=55.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: prejudices, experiences as conscientious objector","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=323.0,591.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked if the children in school ever teased him about being German, Ernie Enns replies: \"yeah, oh yeah.\" He had been never been aware of that in Ste. Elizabeth, Manitoba. He was surprised when it happened the first time in Winnipeg, it was \"a derogatory thing\". Later on, when he became a conscientious objector, he remembers giving his reports in Calgary: A girl stopped in front of him and asked him why he wasn't in uniform. He didn't answer, and the girl spat in his face and walked on. Ernie Enns says that was not because he was German but because he was not in the military: \"The war does, you know, sad things to people, emotional things, I understand.\" He remembers an incident in St. Boniface, Winnipeg, \"and I don't blame her\": There were seven Mennonites, \"and when this girl got noticed that her brother had got shot, she was not very friendly when we came and did our jobs there. And you had to understand that. You had to understand that.\"\nErnie Enns recalls that he enjoyed his work in St. Boniface, it was a more useful work than \"in the bush there\" (in Alberta). He says he \"never really worked\" because he was the only one with a little better education, and he got an office job.\nHe recalls that it was a \"very strange situation\". At Kananaskis, Alberta, there was the captain of the Bremen steamship. He had been at Halifax when the war broke out and the whole crew was interned. On his word of honour, the captain was given permission to go for his morning walk, and he always walked from the internment camp to the conscientious objectors camp. He was \"quite a figure\" with a goatee beard. What impressed Ernie Enns more was that there were seven people that liked to work with flowers and gardens, and they looked after the grounds there: \"It was a little paradise.\" They got 20 cents a day for working but it was important for them to get out of the camp.\nErnie Enns shows a picture of his \"little barrack corner where I was for two years, my home sweet home\". (The interviewers are impressed.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=323.0,591.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: playing the violin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=591.0,622.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is asked if he played the violin. He explains that one of his fingers was \"shortened\" during a summer job in the factory. He lost only a quarter of an inch but it hurts when he tries to play the violin. He tried to put rubber things on but it doesn't help. He thought that he was quite good playing the violin.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=591.0,622.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: conscientious objectors camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=622.0,647.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns talks about the conscientious objectors camp in Kananaskis, Alberta. He is looking for the right term: \"students, residents, inmates or how you want to call us.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=622.0,647.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: career, volunteer work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=647.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is asked what kind of work he did after the war. He had a summer job at Monarch. It was a part-time job. There was an opening, and he got a full-time job as a bookkeeper. His hobby was music, he switched from violin to voice. He has his AMM from the University of Manitoba, a diploma for baritone performer. He felt that he lacked the necessary drive for a singing career. He is very glad that he had this as a hobby rather than a full-time employment. Ernie Enns spent 40 years at Monarch industries: from part-time shipping help in the summer months over office work to sales manager, merchandizing manager, marketing manager. He ended up as executive vice president of the US operations in Minneapolis. He was happy to be part of it. On the side, he was always involved in volunteer work. He was in the boards of different hospital and other organizations (he names them). The also was on the very first board of the Rainbow Stage. He was also a member of different choirs, and helped organize music festivals. He was elected as an alderman of the city of Winnipeg (now called counsellor), from 1960 to 1970. He got 3,000 dollars for that job.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=647.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: working with \"Umsiedler\" in Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=868.0,1087.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After he retired, he spent a year in Germany for a dollar a year to support the \"Umsiedler\" (ethnic German migrants from the Soviet Union). He was paid his expenses. People like George Wiebe had been working with the choirs of the Umsiedler there: \"It sort of backfired.\" George Wiebe organized a \"Sängerfest\" (singing festival), there was a rehearsal on Friday night, another on Saturday, and then they performed on Sunday in the church, and in the afternoon, they had a \"Sängerfest\". The problem was that people were demoralized because they couldn't do their job in such a short time. They felt inferior. So they wanted to train conductors (Dirigentenkurse). Ernie Enns heard about it, he had conducted a choir for 21 years, he applied and was asked to go there for a year. He trained groups of conductors. It was around 1986/87/88. It was a very interesting year for him. He worked with conductors but as one church had no conductor, they wanted him to work directly with the choir. They had a choir but had disbanded it because there was \"such disunity\". There were people who were called \"die Hiesigen\" (the locals), a few Mennonites who had always been there \"from way back\". From 1720, there was a Mennonite church there in Neuwied. They were \"the Bach people, you know, the classics\". Then there were the \"Umsiedler\" from Russia, now they changed the name. The interviewer intervenes: \"Russlanddeutsche\" (Russian Germans). They preferred gospel songs. There was a third group displaced from Prussia, from the Danzig area, and a fourth group, the \"Rückkehrer\" (returnees): people who had gone to Paraguay but had come back to Germany. The minister had disbanded the choir, and Ernie Enns tried to reorganize it. His wife Irene was a big help, they walked together from door to door \"like the Jehovah's Witnesses\". (The interviewers are laughing.) He had the old list of the choir members and asked them if they would consider to sing in the choir.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=868.0,1087.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: political activities of Enns brothers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=1087.0,1135.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns recalls that he is glad that he was in the city hall for a while to get to know politics from inside. They are a political family: His brother Siegfried was an MP in Ottawa, his brother Harry Enns was \"in the house here\" (a member of the Manitoba legislature). Ernie Enns recalls that they had politicians on the municipal, provincial and federal level in one family. His other brother John \"is a judge to rule over us\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=1087.0,1135.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: dividing the farm, farm life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=1135.0,1358.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is asked about his worst memory of his younger years. He talks about the \"quartet\" of his father and his father's three brothers. One of them was a wood farmer, he was the \"kingpin\", the other one was older than his father, and the third one was...When the brothers divided the farm, they had to divide the horses, the cows, and the implements too. He says that his father \"got the very tail end of the leftovers\". His uncles knew what was a good horse, and his father didn't have these experiences. It didn't take long to find out that their cows didn't give the best milk, and that their horses were not the youngest. Ernie Enns didn't think then that his uncles would do something like that to their brother. They had got \"the short end of the stick\". Ernie Enns was very unhappy about that for his parents.\nErnie Enns also recalls his happier moments. He says that they were poor but they never starved. They always had a garden, and they had eggs, milk, and butter. They bought very little: flour, salt, pepper. He was happy on his horse. He was the cow herder when his father and uncles were still farming together. He took a pail of water and some lunch with him because he would herd the cows in a wild area, and he couldn't come back for lunch. He must have been 10 or 11 then.\nEnns gets together with his siblings for breakfast once a months, and they reminiscence. His sister Marlies said that they were never poor, they just didn't have any money.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=1135.0,1358.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns: identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=1358.0,1908.122"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482/index/52579/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ernie Enns is asked about his cultural identity. He says that he is proud to be Canadian of German origin. He says that his wife Irene has \"one Dutch brother and the others are German\". (He laughs.) Mitchell writes about the Amish area in Pennsylvania: \"Deitsch, in \"bad German\" (a dialect form) for \"Deutsch\" (German) is close to \"Dutch\", so it became \"Dutch\" instead of \"Deutsch\". The Amish are all German but they are called the Pennsylvania Dutch. Ernie Enns recalls that when they had to register as conscientious objectors, he was the only one who registered as German Canadian. All the other registered as Dutch. Ernie Enns thinks that the new generations of Mennonites are more and more becoming Canadians. He has Jewish friends who make sure that their children know Hebrew, they will never be just Canadians.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58860/file/133482#t=1358.0,1908.122"}]}]}]}