{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5h7br8n57w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Eduard Schultz"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Schultz, Eduard (Interviewee)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-08-14 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 01:09:17","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["pz50gx34z (avalonid)","LC023 (other)","2004-091-4713 (local)","2004-091-4714 (local)","2004-091-4715 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","immigration (topical)","education (topical)","ethnic conflict (topical)","occupations (topical)","Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (spatial)","Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland (spatial)","St. Petersburg, Russia (spatial)","Burderheim, Alberta, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2020-01-14"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Schultz, Eduard (creation/production)","Interviewer: Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/705/small/Logo.png?1687991754","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2004-091-4713.wav"]},"duration":1811.52798,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/705/small/Logo.png?1687991754","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/705/original/2004-091-4713.wav?1660928732","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1811.52798,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction, early childhood in St. Petersburg, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=7.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eduard Schultz states that his given name is Eduard because the Russians don't have a \"w\". He was born in January 1915 in the Russian Empire, in Warsaw, Poland. The explains that Poland was divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia then. At that time, his father was already in the Russian army. Every reserve officer was called up. As their family was quite musical, most of his family members served in the army band. However, as his father had had two years of military training before, he had to serve at the front under very severe conditions and got quite sick. The was sent to Finland (then under Russia) for recovery, and while his father was in Finland, Schultz was born. His father sent a letter describing how his mother would get to Finland, and she went there with Schultz being a baby at that time. Afterwards, the family relocated to St. Petersburg, Russia. His father spent the rest of the war in the Czar's royal band. Schultz' sister was born in St. Petersburg in 1917 just before the Russian Revolution. Schultz' childhood was filled with band music which he still remembers as he was there until the age of about four.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=7.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=7.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Revolution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WW I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=7.0,222.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration to Canada, language use, growing up in Warsaw, 1919-1924","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=222.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz came to Canada in 1924 with his family. He recalls that Edmonton had a population of 60,000 at that time. His father was used to big cities, as a cabinet maker, he had many clients in Warsaw. When the family got off the train at Strathcona, Schultz' father was aghast that this was supposed to be a city, it looked like an old country town. Strathcona was still referred to under that name although it was already a part of Edmonton. After their arrival in Canada, they first went to Bruderheim, Alberta, where his father had an aunt. They were pioneer farmers who had settled there in about 1896. They had lived under a hay rack tipped upside down the first winter. Their baby died. He is going to write a book where their story will be included.\nIn Bruderheim, Schultz learned his first word of English. In Poland, he had attended school for a year and begun to pick up Polish. In his early childhood, he had also learned Russian. When his father came here, he was fluent in four languages, and when he came to Canada, his father would read newspaper to learn English. At home, Schultz spoke Low German as well as High German.\nSchultz' family was German by background, and they spoke Low costal German (as their ancestors came from an area next to Holland). Schultz states that the Prussian state \"invented\" High German in order to unite the country. He further states that you can see that High German is an invented language because there is so much grammar based on Latin. His father had to speak also the languages of his environment. He talks about the partitions of Poland, the Polish uprisings and Polish patriotism. His father sympathized with the Poles, \"not openly, of course\". Schultz recalls a story told by his father: In 1919 (!) when Poland restored its independence, his father met a friend in a street in Warsaw who was a government official. His father greeted him in a normal way: \"Guten Tag, Herr..\" (\"Hello, Mister Szydłowski\", in German). The friend answered: \"Ja nie rozumię po niemiecku\" (\"I don't understand German\", in Polish). His father said: \"Co?\" (\"What?\", in Polish). Schultz' father was fluent in Polish but \"this poor Polish official spoke very broken Polish because for a whole generation, the language had been banned from the public. From then on, his father would always greet the man in Polish: \"Dzień dobry, Panie Szydłowski\". The man always responded in German: \"Guten Tag, Herr Schultz\".\nSchultz states that their neighbours were murdered by Poles because of their German background. Their murderers also tried to kill the Schultz family. Guns were forbidden but Schultz' father got an order by the Warsaw police to arm himself with a gun, he had a big six-shooter. The order said that anyone who would come to their property after six or seven o'clock in the evening could be shot without question. His father would fire a warning shot when he heard suspicious noises during the night.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=222.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic conflict","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"firearms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=222.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CPR","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=222.0,674.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration to Canada, reflections on his father and Western Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=674.0,1077.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz' parents also considered to go to Argentina but finally decided for Canada because they had relatives there. They had pioneer relatives all around Edmonton. That's why his parents settled in Western Canada. As his father was a professional cabinet maker, it would have been much better to stay in Ontario where a furniture industry was and good hardwoods were available. In Alberta, hardwood wasn't available, and furniture was shrinking because of the dry climate.\nSchultz's father chose to stay with cabinet making, he had never been a farmer. In fall 1928, Schultz' older sister married a widower who was a prosperous farmer. She was quite an independent-thinking person and had been raised with Schultz' grandmother apart from the family. He didn't even know he had a sister then.\nSchultz enjoyed the voyage to Canada whereas his sister and mother were sea-sick all the time. For Schultz, Canada was the third country to get used to. The boys he made friends with on the ship were English whereas the \"bloody German kids\" were beating him up in order to show how patriotic they were. He was quite small for his age, as he was a bare survivor of the Russian Revolution. What saved them was that his father was an armed body guard, so he had travel privileges. He traveled as much as 1,000 miles out of St. Petersburg to find some preservable food. His father gave up a lot of his professional work in order to survive. He was a non-professional cabinet maker. His father prophesied that there would be another war. However, his father came to the wrong part of Canada for his profession. Schultz' parents never regretted that they came to Canada because what his father had predicted happened 20 years later. He thinks that his father regretted settling in the West. Schultz remembers that Western Canada was still a pioneer country without any industry. Oil was discovered much later. It was a farming country. There was a Canadian bedding company that made mattresses, it started in the 1930s. Moreover, there were three wholesale houses.\nThey lived in Strathcona which was known to many people as Little Germany. After some time, Schultz' father \"got sick with all the Germans\" and moved them to the North side of the North Saskatchewan river. His father's attitude was: When he was in Russia, he was a Russian, when he was in Poland, he was a Pole, and when he came here, he was a Canadian. He subscribed to the newspapers immediately after his arrival to learn the language.\nSchultz himself considers his cultural identity Canadian. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=674.0,1077.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cabinets (furniture)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ships","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=674.0,1077.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Revolution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=674.0,1077.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First day in school, education, professions of father, language use","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1077.0,1444.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz started English school without speaking a word of English but he had learned to write in the old country already. He attended King Edward school where he was brought by their pastor. He calls his teacher (a woman) a \"battle axe\". (Schultz imitates how his teacher spoke, and he didn't understand a word.) Thanks to school in Poland, he knew the Latin alphabet and the numbers. The teacher yelled at him because he hadn't done what she said. He didn't stay there very long, the family moved, and he attended Ritchie school. Schultz learned English very fast by doing the shopping, as he was sent to the grocery store by his parents. After a year, his English was better than that of the children running on the streets. In his language, there wasn't any slang or bad pronunciation.\nIn school, his favourite subject was literature. In his second year, he had a teacher named Miss Hudson. It was Schultz' text that was read to the class about how a composition should be written. That was just after a year in school in Canada. The text was about a pond next to their home in the old country. There was fish in it, and flowers around it. He thinks that his family had language abilities. There were always books in their house, in particular novels. For three years, the family lived with his older sister on the farm. He doesn't know why his father moved out there. During the Depression, his father could always find work because he was a very skilled craftsman. If his father couldn't find work in one of the mills in Edmonton, he would go to Vancouver. His father came back after six months and was able to sustain the family on the farm with his earnings. He always came back with a supply of books, mainly in German. He states that English is a \"German\" (!) language. Schultz states that Anglo-Saxon is German and explains the Anglo-Saxon history. Most of the ordinary words in English are like in German. He cites a few examples (come = kommen etc.).\nThe interviewer asks Schultz if he wants to continue the interview in German but he declines because he is more fluent in English and doesn't use German that much.\n\n\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1077.0,1444.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grocery stores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reading","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1077.0,1444.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family relations, immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1444.0,1633.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz is asked if his parents kept in touch with relatives in the old country. Schultz calls that issue \"a puzzle in my life\": Why did his parents not keep contact with their relatives? He doesn't know why. There were five children in the family, three girls and two boys. They lost contact completely with their uncles and aunts in the old country. Apart from his parents, he briefly knew a grandmother, that's all.\nSchultz explains that there was a rule in their house: \"Kids can sit and listen but they have to shut up.\" So he heard a lot of stories about his parents' life in the old country. He remembers all these stories, and that's why he can write his book on his family history. Stories were told quite often when people came for a visit, especially in the first years of his life. People moved around a lot in those years. His parents initially wanted to go to either Brazil or Argentina. In 1922 or 1923, they got a letter from their former next-door neighbour near Warsaw. This man couldn't go to the USA, so he went to Brazil from where he eventually got to the USA due to the quotas. There was another family who went to Brazil before they could go to Canada. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1444.0,1633.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family histories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandparents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"letters (correspondence)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1444.0,1633.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being German in Canada, racism against Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1633.0,1811.52798"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz recall that as a child, he got bloody noses because of his German background. These \"local heroes\" attacked him, stating that their fathers had fought against the Germans. Schultz states that one of his uncles was killed fighting against Germany. But he came to Canada and was beaten up because he was a German. He recalls one incident when he had a plastic toy gun in his hands and clipped at one boy. The boy complained about him to the principal. The principal would shout at him: \"You bloody German...\" Schultz says that he will never forget how he was treated by the principal. He said to himself if he would meet that guy (he was called Murray) he would beat up on him. He never did. Schultz explains that the Germans are the third-largest ethnic group in Alberta but the Germans that came here were called \"Auslandsdeutsche\" (foreign Germans). They had never been German citizens but came from Russia, Ukraine or Poland. Schultz states that Germany was ruled in a very autocratic way and the ordinary farmers had nothing to say. That's why many Germans moved into Russia when Cathrine the Great invited them. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1633.0,1811.52798"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic conflict","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1633.0,1811.52798"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705/index/52377/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132705#t=1633.0,1811.52798"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2004-091-4714.wav"]},"duration":2001.74585,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/706/small/Logo.png?1687991765","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/706/original/2004-091-4714.wav?1660928754","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":2001.74585,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reflections on German history, Germans in Alberta, language use, Ukrainian women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=14.0,745.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz reflects on the Germans in the Russian Empire who weren't \"German Germans\" but \"Auslandsdeutsche\" (foreign Germans). They had no feelings towards Germany because they fled away from there. The Western settlers were \"pretty ignorant. If they had a newspaper at all, they probably couldn't read it, so people with German names were enemies.\"\nHowever, in WW II, Schultz and his family didn't experience any prejudices against Germans. Yet when they came here in 1924, it was much worse. When WW II broke out, Schultz and his father went to the RCMP in order to register their gun but they weren't interested. Schultz and his family didn't have to report to the RCMP. At that time, they felt fully accepted. In 1924, they were regarded as enemy aliens even though his father had fought against Germany.\nSchultz knows about a few people who started national German clubs in Alberta: \"Sure, Germany had a lot more culture than the locals had here and stuff, eh.\" However, during the war people became hysterical. A famous blacksmith in Strathcona had joined a German club and was sent to a concentration camp for that. Schultz recalls that he knew a lot of German and Polish people, and any of them had any ill feeling against Canada. His three sisters married Englishmen. His younger brother had served overseas and came back with an English bride. Schultz states that his family assimilated very easily.\nSchultz' family tried to speak German at home. When his brother was three or four, he was sent to the store by his mother to get an onion. The store was only a block away, and his brother went in and asked: \"Is onion here?\" When Schultz got home from school, he was sent there, and then the store keeper understood what his brother had wanted. Schultz recalls another story: His brother, aged four, tried to play with a girl in the neighbourhood. His brother said: \"You come play mit me, come get messers and gables.\" (A mixture of German and English: Come and play with me, you'll get knives and forks.) By the time his brother was six, he had almost forgotten his German because he was playing with English-speaking children all the time.\nSchultz thinks that the Germans assimilated more readily with the native population that anybody else. He repeats once again that \"basic English is German\". He thinks that it is the similarity between the two languages that makes assimilation so easy for the Germans.\nSchultz isn't sure about assimilation when it comes to culture. There are some cultural associations but their membership isn't great. Because of WW I, \"Germans kept their mouths shut\", as Schultz puts it. In WW II, it was the same thing. That is why German culture hasn't been upheld to the same extent like for example Ukrainian, Polish or Italian culture. \nThe interviewer asks if people were still proud to be German. Schultz says that they weren't ashamed to be German and asks rhetorically which country had achieved a higher cultural level that the Germans? The thinks about culture, music, the arts and so on. His grandchildren have mixed ancestry as his sons married Ukrainian women. There couldn't be nicer women than Ukrainian girls, especially if they are raised in the country. They are excellent wives and housekeepers. Schultz is hesitant to say that but Ukrainian women are probably more solid than English girls because they have been raised on a more comfortable level. Ukrainians were also suspected as being disloyal in WW II as were some Germans. \nSchultz didn't pass on the German language to his children although they had a few German books in their house. Only one son learned some German, he can read it a little bit but the other forgot it. Schultz repeats his statement that the Germans adapt more readily than any other group. Schultz explains that Halifax was founded by German people but you don't see too much of the Germans in Canada as they immediately assimilated. According to Schultz, the kings of England were Germans too. The two wars changed feelings a lot \"but before that English and Germans were like one people\". Schultz laughs: \"You are talking to a guy who reads history\".\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=14.0,745.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic conflict","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=14.0,745.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poles","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=14.0,745.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concordia College in Edmonton, religious practices","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=745.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz attended Concordia College (today called \"Concordia University of Edmonton\") from 1931 to 1937. There were 50 students. \"Language was the big thing, eh\": Latin, Greek, Hebrew, German, English. He didn't like Hebrew. It was a prep school to go to seminary in the USA and to become a minister, so it was only for boys at that time. As his family couldn't afford the fees anymore, he left the college in 1937, and he never became a minister as he had intended. His wish to become a pastor was the reason he went there. Schultz states that his family had a religious background. They had their daily bible readings and religious singing in their home. Schultz' family is of Lutheran background but he states that Lutheranism in Germany had become very bad (he corrects himself: worldly) because the clerics had become state officials. His ancestors became adherents of the so-called Moravian church (Herrnhuter Brüdergemeinde). Officially, they were still called Lutherans. So when Schulz decided to become a pastor, his father insisted that he would go to Bethlehem in the United States where there was a Moravian college. However, he was stubborn and considered himself a Lutheran. During the Depression, his family had no money. Schultz couldn't afford the street car, so he had to walk to the college about four miles away. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=745.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pastors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=745.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lutheran Church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moravian Church (Herrnhuter Brüdergemeinde)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=745.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Construction work, WW II, food","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=972.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Schultz left college in 1937, his class buddies went on to the US to the seminary, and he started to work as a labourer in construction because he hadn't learned a trade. Because he was willing to work, he never was unemployed. It wasn't very elegant work: carrying, mixing, digging things. When the war broke out, there was a dramatic change in economics. He remembers the day the war broke out. Schultz was working for a plasterer at that time, and he was plastering the Baptist college at the South side (of Edmonton). After war was declared, everyone wanted to swing a hammer and build barracks. Before that, there hadn't been any money. Schultz thinks that the Depression was largely because people who had money wouldn't spend it.\nAsked about the Great Depression, Schultz thinks about the hopelessness of people who wanted to work but couldn't find a job. People who lived on the farm could at least raise their food. People in the cities had gardens as there were so many empty lots because there had been a speculation boom and people had bought empty pieces of land. Often, it was city-owned land because the owner couldn't afford the taxes. Schultz parents always had an extra lot besides the house the lived in, and they raised potatoes and vegetables there. When his parents moved back to town, they brought a cow with them. There were so many empty lots with grass growing that the cow had plenty of food. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=972.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"construction workers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unemployment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vegetable gardening","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=972.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=972.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walther League, religious practices","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1212.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz states that there was a lot of more visiting than now because there was nothing else to do. He was quite involved in a Lutheran youth association of the Missouri Lutheran Church called \"Walther League\", named after one of the first presidents of the church, Walther. It was a very big organization with about 100,000 members, mostly in the USA. They had big rallies and conventions.They had their own magazine, he has some copies.\nSchultz explains that the language of church services was initially German. They belonged to Saint Peter's Lutheran church. It was the only church their synod had in the city. Most Germans ended up on farms, so there weren't too many of them in the city, unlike his father who was a special tradesman. The times were entirely different from what they are now.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1212.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"visiting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youth groups","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1212.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lutheran church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walther League","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1212.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discovery of oil in Alberta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1355.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz remembers the day oil was found (in Alberta), \"how things just suddenly flipped around\". He worked as a super (supervisor) in a warehouse at that time. Farmers suddenly got oil royalties, and suddenly had money and spent it. There was a tremendous change in the economy. He thinks that happened in the 1950s. He states that he is not very good in keeping dates in his head.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1355.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oil drilling","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1355.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dancing, meeting his wife, family background, building a piano","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1432.0,1931.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz recalls that he went to weddings and wedding dances but not in the 1930s, only later. He didn't go to dances then because it was forbidden by their church: It was \"just as bad a going out and robbing a bank\". \"Dancing was a terrible, terrible thing to do\". He didn't get on a dance floor until after he was married; it was at the wedding of some of his in-laws.\nSchultz met his wife at his church, at Saint Peter's congregation. Economic conditions were bad and his wife's father was severely injured at a place where masonry stones were produced. They met at the young people's society. They were married in 1940. His wife was six years younger than him and was born in 1921 in Castor, Alberta.\nSchultz parents were born in Poland, his mother about 60 miles north of Warsaw, his father in Warsaw. His ancestors had settled in that area in the 16th century (sic). He had a cousin who did some research on family history. Schultz explains that it was a Polish lord who decided to subdivide his land and invited especially German settlers because they were more progressive farmers than the Slavic population because Frederick the Great (sic) had brought some education to the people. Schultz states that education was important to all German people, they could read and write. When his father worked away from home (already in Canada), he always got back with a supply of books. The family did some reading together, sitting at the kitchen table with a lamp in the middle. There was no TV, and even a radio was still a very new thing. Radios were operated with batteries, there were three types of batteries, A, B and C.\nAsked about what music Schultz was listening to, he replies that it wasn't that kind of music one would call music now. Today, you would call it classic music. His father was a musician in a bodyguard band and played at royal balls (in Russia). In 1924 or 1925, a house burnt down with a piano in it, but the steel parts had survived, and his father built a piano out of them. His father built hammers, keys and dampers. His father used also ivory and mahogany although most pianos have oak cases. A piano man re-strung and tuned the piano. He piano had a very soft tone instead of the usual hard oaken tone. His father wouldn't sell it but the family lost it. When the Depression hit and they moved on the farm, there was a crop failure, so the family had to leave the piano for debt in order to buy seeds. That's a family treasure they lost, he feels sorry about it. He still has some furniture items made by his father but he didn't get the best things as his father said that \"if you really want something good, you make it yourself\". (Schultz shows the interviewer a table made by his father, there is some inlay work on it, 600 individual pieces of wood).","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1432.0,1931.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electrical batteries","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family histories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occupational accidents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piano","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reading","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1432.0,1931.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poetry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1931.0,2001.74585"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz recalls that he wrote poetry in school, he could show the interviewer some of his poems. He was very fortunate as he had some very fine teachers.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1931.0,2001.74585"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706/index/52376/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poetry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132706#t=1931.0,2001.74585"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2004-091-4715.wav"]},"duration":346.999,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/707/small/Logo.png?1687991775","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/707/original/2004-091-4715.wav?1660928765","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":346.999,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/index/52375","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/index/52375/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Repetition of last segments of interview 1.2","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707#t=0.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/index/52375/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resumé of his life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707#t=207.0,346.999"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/index/52375/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schultz recalls that he considers himself a happy person. He married his wife, has \"good kids\". He also has \"beautiful grandchildren\" as well as great-grandchildren. There are a lot of things to be grateful for. In January (2005), he will be 90 years old. He is still mobile and thinks he is still \"fairly straight up here\" (he obviously points at his head, the interviewer laughs). Schultz was always involved with outside things. For instance, he served as the chairman of the board of Concordia College for many years. He was also on several commission boards at that college. He also served as chairman for his church congregation. Sometimes, he had two meetings on the same night. He is gifted in writing but he was so involved in community activities that he didn't find time to write. If the Lord gives him a few more years, he will succeed to write his family history, he has already collected a lot of notes.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707#t=207.0,346.999"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707/index/52375/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lutheran church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58598/file/132707#t=207.0,346.999"}]}]}]}