{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4t6f18t534/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Michael Scuba"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Scuba, Michael (Interviewee)","Kozakov, Serhiy (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-06-29 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["4 audio files; mp3; 1:49:30","audio/mpeg"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["5q47rq047 (avalonid)","LC220 (other)","2004-091-0741 (local)","2004-091-0742 (local)","2004-091-0743 (local)","2004-091-0744 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","education (topical)","teaching (topical)","holidays (topical)","foodways (topical)","religion (topical)","Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (spatial)","Spedden, Alberta, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-03"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Scuba, Michael (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kozakov, Serhiy (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/188/small/audio-default.png?1640643116","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 4 - 2004-091-0741.mp3"]},"duration":1651.35674,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/188/small/audio-default.png?1640643116","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/188/original/2004-091-0741.mp3?1660939412","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1651.35674,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birthplace, education, occupations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=0.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Scuba was born 1922 in Coast Lake, which would become Spedden, Alberta. He spent his first 18 or 19 years in Coast Lake where he went to a one room school. Spedden was a small village but it was closest to where they lived. After graduating, Michael went to university in Edmonton, Alberta. He then worked for the Department of Transport in Grand Prairie, Saskatoon, Winnipeg, and Ontario. He then taught in another small village in Alberta before becoming principal for a school in Smoky Lake, Alberta. He spent 14 years as principal of that school. After the 14 years, he moved to Edmonton to start his PhD program in Education. From 1962 to 1964, Michael was superintendent of schools in Peace River. He was transferred to Wainwright for 4 years before being hired by the Edmonton Public School Board where he remained until his retirement in 1984.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=0.0,266.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=266.0,371.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael took grades 1 through 8 at the one room school before taking grades 9 through 12 in Spedden. Michael's first degree from the University of Alberta was a Bachelor's of Education which he acquired in 1945. He then received a Master's degree in 1955 and his PhD in 1965. Michael's graduate photo might be in the Education building, but he doesn't know for sure.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=266.0,371.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parents' immigration, ethnic groups in the community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=371.0,1337.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's parents came to Canada in late December of 1913. At the time, Michael's father, mother, and brother (who was two years old) were the ones to come to Canada. They came from Sokal, Ukraine which was a county kind of area. The area is not far from the Polish border. At the time that Michael's parents' left, the area was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The border changed quite frequently. Their immigration papers labeled them as Ruthenians.\n\nWhen Michael's grandfather passed away, his property was divided amongst the children. Thus, Michael's father discovered that his allotted share was too small to make a living on. For this reason, Michael's father came to Canada. He came to Canada, not as a farmer, but as a farm worker. He wasn't enticed by the offer of land by the Canadian Government, though he did purchase a homestead. He worked for farmers and the railroad, but found the work to be unreliable. He was ready to move back to Ukraine, but the war broke out and they couldn't go back. So Michael's parents settled on the farm and stayed.\n\nThere is the odd case of people returning to Ukraine, but not often. In most cases, people couldn't afford to go back as times were so hard; they couldn't earn enough money to go back to their homes. Michael knows of one family that went back in 1935, but came back after WWII as displaced persons.\n\nMichael's ancestry is Ukrainian. He is ethnic Ukrainian. The area he grew up in was dominated by Ukrainian families. There was one Metis family (the post office and cemetery were named after Metis people). There were also 2 brothers in the area of English descent. They lived on the edge of the school district. Everyone else in the community was either Ukrainian or Polish.\n\nMichael doesn't recall conflict between the different ethnic groups. Michael talks about taking wheat to the mill.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=371.0,1337.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm animals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=1337.0,1491.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farm Michael grew up on was a mixed farm. There was a barn for horses, a barn for cows, pens for pigs, and a building for chickens. They also had ducks and even sheep, at one point. The sheep were so good at keeping the grass short in front of the house. The city of Fort Saskatchewan brings in sheep to graze on city property to keep the grass short. They had the sheep for 10 or 15 years. Once they had enough wool for their own use, they got rid of the sheep. Michael's mother would knit using the wool.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=1337.0,1491.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clothing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=1491.0,1651.35674"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188/index/52034/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The coats were sheepskin coats with wool. Sheepskin was so prevalent that the Ukrainians were known as the \"people in sheepskin\". In the Old Country, most of the people had sheepskin coats with the hide on the outside and fur on the inside. Michael's family wore mackinaw jackets which were closer to Canadian wear. Those particular coats had to be purchased. Michael's mother sewed all the socks and other clothing herself. She did it by hand as they did not have a sewing machine until the 1940s.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133188#t=1491.0,1651.35674"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 4 - 2004-091-0742.mp3"]},"duration":1712.19592,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/189/small/audio-default.png?1640643187","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/189/original/2004-091-0742.mp3?1660939440","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1712.19592,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clothes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=0.0,349.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's first collection of clothes were a combination. It was a one-piece denim material which was similar to overalls, but a bit different. Michael's mother took a sugar sack, bleached it, and altered it to make it a shirt. Michael's older brothers had shirts, but they couldn't afford a proper shirt for Michael. He also had what was called a sailor's suit, named such because it is similar to what sailor's wore. There were 4 or 5 general stores in Spedden where they shopped, but they did order from the Eaton's catalogue, or the Simpson's catalogue. Army \u0026 Navy (an Edmonton company) was unknown to Michael's family until they got to Edmonton. Money was tight back then and not everyone could afford a suit.\n\nIn summer, Michael would work for a farmer and earned a dollar a day. It was good money back then.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=0.0,349.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foods sold, foods purchased, services in town","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=349.0,603.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were seven children in Michael's family: 6 boys and 1 girl.\n\nMichael's family picked seneca roots and sold them to the store. They also sold eggs. Michael isn't sure if they bought coffee, but they did buy tea. At the time, tea was treated like a narcotic: they had to be adults in order to drink tea. Children were told to drink milk instead.\n\nAlso in town was a blacksmith, a shoemaker, a coach master, a teacher, and other people. There were 40 or 50 people in town and then farmers outside the town. So the farmers would sell to the people in the town. The nearest hospital was 9 miles from Michael's family's farm. Michael was born on the farm like the rest of his siblings. Michael was the second youngest child. Almost everything Michael had was handed down from older siblings.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=349.0,603.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Handed down clothing, recreation, Sundays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=603.0,898.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael was the second youngest of his siblings. Most of what he had was passed down from his older brothers. Michael doesn't remember having any toys to play with. The only things he had were a rake and a hoe, which were used to work in the garden. There were no toys like the kids have nowadays.\n\nMichael's family had 2 dogs on the farm, but they got those when Michael was about 12 or so.\n\nThere was a church, but no regular service. A priest would come out 4 times a year. The rest of the time, they would drop stones from a bridge into a creek. Others would do target practice with .22 rifles. Sunday was a day of rest and they would do as little as possible. Michael's parents were so strict about Sundays, that they wouldn't even thrash on Sundays. It was difficult since sometimes the only viable day for harvest was Sunday. They might have a special dinner on Sunday.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=603.0,898.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foods preserved, meals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=898.0,1125.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On workdays, they would eat what they grew themselves on the farm. They would preserve meat with salt and keep it in a barrel through the winter.\n\nBreakfast was mostly grain cereals, milk, and toast which was made by toasting the bread over an open flame.\n\nLunch was a light meal and supper was a heavy meal in the evening.\n\nFor school, they would bring lunch in tin cans (lard cans). The lunch would be sandwiches made with egg or pork, and carrots or other vegetables. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=898.0,1125.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainian language at school and at home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=1125.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael learned Ukrainian at home, but by the time he went to school, he knew a little bit of English. Children were not allowed to speak Ukrainian at school, not even to each other. Sometimes, the kids were strapped if they did. Even if the teacher was Ukrainian, they would discourage the children from speaking Ukrainian. However, later on, Ukrainian language classes would be taught after regular school hours.\n\nMichael's father could understand a little bit of English. His mother could understand English, but she couldn't speak it. Michael's father had more contact with non-Ukrainian speakers, so his English developed a little more.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=1125.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainian coop store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=1347.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Ukrainian coop store in Smokey Lake went out of business a little after World War II. Everyone bought shares into the store and profits were shared amongst shareholders. A board of directors would appoint someone to manage the store and hire clerks. The coop was limited to Ukrainian people, but there were other coops set up by other groups. There was a cooperative movement that spawned a number of coops throughout the prairies.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=1347.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Socialist and nationalist divide amongst Ukrainian population","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=1546.0,1712.19592"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189/index/52033/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Spedden, there was a divide between socialist leaning Ukrainians and those that did not. The United Farmers of Alberta was a sort of socialist party that existed for a time. That was the divide in Spedden. In other communities, there was a divide between Catholic and Orthodox Ukrainians. The pattern of socialist versus nationalist Ukrainians was a pattern seen throughout Canada.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133189#t=1546.0,1712.19592"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 4 - 2004-091-0743.mp3"]},"duration":1738.39674,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/190/small/audio-default.png?1640643260","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/190/original/2004-091-0743.mp3?1660939471","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1738.39674,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religion, church, house decorations and layout","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=0.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's family was religious. His parents took them to church whenever there was church. That, of course, wasn't regularly because the small church only had service at Easter, for Spasa in the fall (where people would bring vegetables to be blessed), but no services in the winter. There was no resident priest there and the priest would have to come from Mundare, Alberta which was 40 miles away. The services were in Ukrainian.\n\nMichael's family did not often say grace before a meal. Their praying was done privately, not as a group. Some families would say a prayer before every meal.\n\nMichael's house had holy pictures in it. There were two pictures, each in a different room. The house had wooden floors. There were 2 rooms: a kitchen/living room, and a bedroom with all the beds. In the summer, once they were old enough, the kids would sometimes sleep in the hayloft of the barn as the air was better. In winter, they had to sleep in the house.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=0.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Winters, walking to school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=279.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Winters were cold. There were times when they couldn't even get to town with horses. The snow drifts were 2 or 3 feet tall and the snow gets rather hard. They were hard enough that the horses couldn't break through the snow. People used snow shoes to travel to school or into town.\n\nSchool was a 2 and a half mile walk away, though Michael and his siblings made it a 2 mile walk by walking cross country.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=279.0,366.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social events, plays, Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=366.0,624.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were occasional dances in town. They also had plays and concerts in town. There were Shevchenko and other concerts or plays in town. There were serious plays and comedy plays. The plays put on had an admission fee for entry in order to help pay for costumes and other expenses. The Christmas concert was almost a bust. The teacher was forced to put on a Christmas play.\n\nA particular event around Christmas involved Santa Claus. People around town would donate gifts for that event such as apples, peanuts, or oranges (which were imported). The oranges were mandarin oranges. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=366.0,624.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Entertainment, Halloween mischief","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=624.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For recess entertainment at school, the kids played various games. They played softball, baseball, dodgeball, and Pig. Michael describes the game of Pig. Marbles were not a common thing at their school. The kids also played hopscotch which Michael explains to the interviewer.\n\nOne of the Halloween pranks that was played was interfering with outhouses. Halloween was celebrated mostly in school. Back then, it was mostly mischief as opposed to treats.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=624.0,1057.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holidays, baseball","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=1057.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birthdays were not celebrated. Michael doesn't remember ever having a birthday cake. The only gifts they ever received was what they got in a Cracker Jack's box. Cracker Jack was a brand of candied popcorn that always came with a toy. The prize in the box was maybe a marble or a souvenir, but never very expensive.\n\nThe church celebrated Spasa and Easter.\n\nChristmas was celebrated.\n\nDominion Day was celebrated with a picnic in town. There were also baseball teams that would come into town to compete. These were adult teams.\n\nMichael talks about the baseball league near Smoky Lake.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=1057.0,1378.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Higher education, teaching, shortage of teachers during World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=1378.0,1738.39674"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190/index/52032/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's parents were concerned with education. They didn't have much education but they wanted their children to be educated. As far as they were concerned, there were 3 important professions in town: the doctor, the priest, and the teacher. Michael didn't want to be a priest, he couldn't become a doctor, and so he became a teacher. To become a teacher, he could go for 1 year to Normal School, but Michael wanted to teach high school, so he needed a degree. That is why Michael achieved his degree in education.\n\nMichael's 2 eldest brothers completed 8th grade. The 3rd eldest completed Normal School and became a teacher (before moving onto other jobs). His sister completed grade 8 before moving to Edmonton for work. Another brother completed Normal School. Michael is the only one to complete his doctorate.\n\nDuring the War, there was a shortage of teachers as many signed up for the navy or airforce. That continued until after the war as they struggled to find enough teachers. There was a law at one time, in Alberta, that as soon as a female teacher was married, she couldn't teach anymore. During the War, however, that changed as the demand for teachers was so high. Michael's cohort was relatively small: there were 17 students in the faculty of education. They also took their compulsory army training while at the University of Alberta.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133190#t=1378.0,1738.39674"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 4 of 4 - 2004-091-0744.mp3"]},"duration":1469.54449,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/191/small/audio-default.png?1640643322","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/content/4/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/191/original/2004-091-0744.mp3?1660939495","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1469.54449,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 4 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reserves and prejudice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=0.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were indigenous reserves near Spedden. There was one 2 and a half miles south of Spedden and another one about 4 miles north of Spedden. People from the reserves came to Spedden for a lot of their shopping. Michael learned some of their language from them. The reserves had their own schools run by either the Catholic Church or the United Church (likely Residential Schools).\n\nImmigrants to the area looked down on the indigenous people. They were considered uneducated.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=0.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weddings and wedding traditions, funerals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=150.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's older brother was married on a farm. A machine shop was converted to hold the service. Weddings happened in rapid succession as the priest could only come to the community a few times a year, so people tried to get married when the priest was present. People got the license from a town hall, but the ceremony happened in the church. In those days, it was almost compulsory to have a church ceremony.\n\nThere was a tradition where the groom had to pay some people in order to bring the bride home. This tradition isn't practiced anymore. Everyone going through the house, during celebrations, had to drop some money into the fiddle or guitar (it was almost compulsory).\n\nKids were invited to weddings as the weddings were a family affair.\n\nMichael remembers going to 1 funeral as a child. It struck him as odd that there was a band at the funeral. He thought it was odd that a band, which was a happy thing, was present at a funeral, which was a sad thing. Military funerals have bands, usually with bagpipes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=150.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stories, music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=675.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's family didn't talk much about the Old Country. It wasn't until the kids grew up and they started asking their parents about the Old Country. Michael's corresponded with family back in the Old Country, but they were reluctant to talk about it.\n\nMichael's mother would sing, but his father would not. His oldest brother played the violin, but the rest did not play any useful instruments. Michael played drums in high school, but they weren't a musical family. Michael was in a band and played at weddings.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=675.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dances","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=869.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first dance Michael went to was when he was in high school, during the war. In University, there was a dance every week that he would attend. There was a large dance floor with chairs all around and a band on stage. There was also the occasional barn dance when people would dance in the hayloft. They would dance foxtrot, two-step, and other dances. Michael never took any dance lessons, he just tried to follow along with what everyone else was doing.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=869.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Further resources","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=996.0,1469.54449"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52020/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael shows the interviewer a list of people that came to Canada from the time period in question. 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There was one 2 and a half miles south of Spedden and another one about 4 miles north of Spedden. People from the reserves came to Spedden for a lot of their shopping. Michael learned some of their language from them. The reserves had their own schools run by either the Catholic Church or the United Church (likely Residential Schools).\n\nImmigrants to the area looked down on the indigenous people. 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Military funerals have bands, usually with bagpipes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=150.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52021/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stories, music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=675.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52021/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's family didn't talk much about the Old Country. It wasn't until the kids grew up and they started asking their parents about the Old Country. Michael's corresponded with family back in the Old Country, but they were reluctant to talk about it.\n\nMichael's mother would sing, but his father would not. His oldest brother played the violin, but the rest did not play any useful instruments. Michael played drums in high school, but they weren't a musical family. Michael was in a band and played at weddings.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=675.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52021/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dances","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=869.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52021/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first dance Michael went to was when he was in high school, during the war. In University, there was a dance every week that he would attend. There was a large dance floor with chairs all around and a band on stage. There was also the occasional barn dance when people would dance in the hayloft. They would dance foxtrot, two-step, and other dances. 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Weddings happened in rapid succession as the priest could only come to the community a few times a year, so people tried to get married when the priest was present. People got the license from a town hall, but the ceremony happened in the church. In those days, it was almost compulsory to have a church ceremony.\n\nThere was a tradition where the groom had to pay some people in order to bring the bride home. This tradition isn't practiced anymore. Everyone going through the house, during celebrations, had to drop some money into the fiddle or guitar (it was almost compulsory).\n\nKids were invited to weddings as the weddings were a family affair.\n\nMichael remembers going to 1 funeral as a child. It struck him as odd that there was a band at the funeral. He thought it was odd that a band, which was a happy thing, was present at a funeral, which was a sad thing. Military funerals have bands, usually with bagpipes.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=150.0,675.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52031/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stories, music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=675.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52031/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael's family didn't talk much about the Old Country. It wasn't until the kids grew up and they started asking their parents about the Old Country. Michael's corresponded with family back in the Old Country, but they were reluctant to talk about it.\n\nMichael's mother would sing, but his father would not. His oldest brother played the violin, but the rest did not play any useful instruments. Michael played drums in high school, but they weren't a musical family. Michael was in a band and played at weddings.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=675.0,869.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52031/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dances","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=869.0,996.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191/index/52031/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first dance Michael went to was when he was in high school, during the war. In University, there was a dance every week that he would attend. There was a large dance floor with chairs all around and a band on stage. There was also the occasional barn dance when people would dance in the hayloft. They would dance foxtrot, two-step, and other dances. 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He provides the interviewer with a number of resources regarding Ukrainian pioneers.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58775/file/133191#t=996.0,1469.54449"}]}]}]}