{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3b5w669v91/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Lily and Nickolas Schmidt"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Schmidt, Lily (Interviewee)","Schmidt, Nickolas (Interviewee)","Kampen, Christine (Interviewer)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-05-02 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["4 audio files; wav; 1:50:37","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["pv63g156x (avalonid)","LC303 (other)","2005-091-4168 (local)","2005-091-4169 (local)","2005-091-4170 (local)","2005-091-4171 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","farm life (topical)","photographs (topical)","foodways (topical)","language (topical)","conscientious objection (topical)","Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2021-02-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Schmidt, Lily (creation/production)","Interviewee: Schmidt, Nickolas (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kampen, Christine (creation/production)","Interviewer: Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/458/small/audio-default.png?1640662130","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 4 - 2005-091-4168.wav"]},"duration":1807.06975,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/458/small/audio-default.png?1640662130","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/458/original/2005-091-4168.wav?1661168387","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1807.06975,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: early life, parents, Ninette sanatorium","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=8.0,388.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt talks about some photographs. Lily Schmidt was born in Gretna, Manitoba. Her father was not able to do farm work, he contracted tuberculosis. She was 7-8 months when her father was sent to Ninette (a sanatorium). Her mother went to work there because that was the only livelihood they could have, and Lily Schmidt lived with her aunt on the farm. Her aunt had two boys at that time and no girls, so she was very glad to get her. (The interviewers are laughing.) Later in life, she loved spending some time with her relatives there. Lily Schmidt specifies: Her mother worked in Ninette in order to be together with her husband. Her mother was not a nurse but she would do cleaning or whatever they needed. Later on, when the family moved to the city, Lily Schmidt's mother got a job at the children's hospital. She worked in the mending room, and maybe that's what she had been doing in Ninette too because her mother did a lot of mending. Her mother had to mend the sheets, uniforms and tablecloths. In those days, they didn't throw things away and didn't have \"paper stuff\".\nLily Schmidt looks at a photograph and says that it is \"a kind of surprise picture\" to her (obviously, the picture shows herself with her mother at the age of one). She says, that she thought that she didn't see her parents then. Lily Schmidt was staying at her aunt's place close to Morris, Manitoba. It was a long distance away from the sanatorium.\nLily Schmidt recalls that her father spent about a year and a half to two years in the sanatorium. When he came out, she didn't want to go to her parents because she didn't know them. She had \"grown quite attached to my aunt\". She was later told about this but didn't remember these feelings herself but she always had \"a very strong attachment to that aunt\".\nHer parents' farm was located between Morris and Ste. Elizabeth, Manitoba. Asked if her parents later talked about this time, Lily Schmidt replies; \"probably\" but she was not listening. When her father came back, the family lived on Salter Ave. (in Winnipeg). Her grandmother got sick, and then she came to live with them. She died in the house, and then they took her out to the farm and buried her there. The family moved to Winnipeg because her father couldn't do physical work anymore. Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: Lily Schmidt's father was an elevator operator at the Medical Arts Building. Lily Schmidt corrects her husband: \"at the Boyd Building\" (in Winnipeg). She explains that in those days, there was an elevator operator, \"you didn't just press a button\". After that, her father became a bookkeeper at the \"Christian Press\".\nLily Schmidt explains that her father had all the qualifications to be a teacher in the old country but \"he needed his English\". (Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: \"the language\"). Lily Schmidt continues: Her father went to Gretna, Manitoba, to the \"Mennonite Collegiate Institute\", to \"upgrade\". Her father never went back to finish after his return from the sanatorium.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=8.0,388.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: family background, life of father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=388.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt recalls that her parents came from Ukraine, \"I guess the Kyiv area\". They \"came across\" in 1924 or 1925, she is not sure. Her father loved the farm but he had to leave. They lived in quite a few houses (in Winnipeg). When they lived on Redwood Street, her father bought a car. In those days, a lot of young single ladies were looking for a job doing housework, and they would have Tuesday afternoon or Sundays of. On Sundays, these young women would hire Lily Schmidt's father to take them out to their families on the farm: \"I didn't always get to go along\".\nLily Schmidt was an only child. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=388.0,511.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: rooming house","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=511.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt's parents had a rooming house. They moved to Nairn Ave. (in Winnipeg) which was close to where the old Concordia Hospital used to be. They had a lot of roomers there, a lot of ladies-in-waiting in wintertime. They had also spouses of people who had surgery. She remembers that one time, people were sleeping in the hall, they didn't want to go anywhere else and stay close by and they would not have to find their way around the city. During that time, Schmidt's mother worked at the children's hospital. She walked to work all the time. In the evenings, she helped to prepare meals and do the washing and laundry. Her father did a lot of cleaning, cooking and house work: \"He was a pretty good cook.\" Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: The children's hospital at that time was just over the Redwood Bridge. Lily Schmidt continues: That's also now a seniors' home. Nickolas Schmidt says to the interviewers: \"You wouldn't remember those things.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=511.0,606.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: friends, school life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=606.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt is asked if she was lonely surrounded by so many adults. She replies: \"Probably. I managed to get a lot of trouble.\" She explains: She didn't come home in time when she was enjoying herself. She was playing at the river banks or snow banks. Her father was \"pretty well a disciplinary\". \"Time-wise\" she thought that \"fun was more interesting\". She would be disciplined when she got home.\nJust down the street, there was a doctor couple, they had a girl that was a little bit older than herself, and a son a little bit younger than herself. Lily Schmidt played with them. Across the street, there was another girl she played with. She went to school there until she was in grade 6. She remembers doing gymnastics on the lawn in the evenings. The interviewer asks what she did at recess. Lily Schmidt thinks that they \"just played\". She remembers one incident but she isn't sure if she wants to talk about it (she laughs). \nLily Schmidt attended Albert school.\nThe interviewer asks if it was unusual that people had only one child. Lily Schmidt says that she doesn't know. She spent many of her summers on the farm, she had three or four aunts and uncles there, and they all had larger families. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=606.0,862.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: summer holidays on the farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=862.0,971.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt talks about a photograph depicting her with her cousins during a summer holiday on the farm. She talks about a female cousin who was the youngest in the family, a few years younger than herself. She had a sister and a brother quite a bit older than she was. Lily Schmidt spent much time there because they lived closer to the city than the other relatives. It was just on the other side of St. François Xavier, Manitoba. It was not very far to go. The interviewer asks about the cousin's name: Susan. Nickolas Schmidt adds: Susan Dyck at that time. Lily Schmidt is asked about her maiden name: Friesen. \nLily Schmidt is asked what she would do with her cousins in the summer. She recalls that she would play in the straw pile. They lived right beside the river, so they had to get water. She was also supposed to help a little bit around the house. Lily Schmidt was probably 7 or 8 in the picture.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=862.0,971.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: holidays on the farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=971.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt's mother had a cousin that lived at Beaver, Manitoba. She thinks that the place doesn't exist anymore. They used to go there fairly frequently. Her mother's cousin worked there for an elderly gentleman. Sometimes, they would also go to Island Park.\nLily Schmidt thinks that she shared a room with her cousins when she visited them. She doesn't remember where she slept but she is sure that she didn't have her own room there. She recalls that she \"just liked the outdoors\". She \"took after my dad\". She never minded when she moved on the farm after getting married: \"It wasn't a hardship for me at all.\" When she was visiting her relatives, she had to work outside \"a certain amount\". They played hopscotch and things like that. When the weather was nice, they would walk into the water right across the river, it wasn't very deep.\nLily Schmidt also liked reading, she didn't have to run around all the time: \"I don't get bored very easily when I have books around.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=971.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: family, marriage patterns","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=1171.0,1275.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt recalls that the aunt she stayed with was her father's sister. In her family, two brothers and a sister married two sisters and a brother, so she was doubly-related. They all lived in that area, in the Ste. Elizabeth area. The aunt she stayed with \"was not one of those\", she was her father's older sister. Her mother's older sister was also not doubly connected. There was one more family besides that too but she didn't stay at their place very often but at the others' places, she did. Lily Schmidt recalls that the extended family got together as much as they could, at Christmas and during the summer holidays. Her family were the only ones that lived in the city. They did more Sunday lunching with guests than nowadays. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=1171.0,1275.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: a family picture with cousins on the farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=1275.0,1581.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt talks about another picture. At that time, three families were there. They were playing school, one of them was the teacher. She explains who is in the picture: There is her cousin Henry, the oldest in the group, the other Henry (Janzen), then her cousin Sarah, Rudy, David, Hedy, herself in the back, Jane, Oleif, John (?). Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: \"That would be four families\". Lily Schmidt agrees: \"Counting me, yes.\"\nLily Schmidt repeats that they played school: \"It's amazing what you forget when you get older.\" The picture was taken around 1936-37. It was probably a Sunday afternoon. It was her uncle David Friesen's place. Lily Schmidt always enjoyed being together with these children. The Brauns are not in that picture, and the Dycks weren't there either. The children of the three families doubly related and her mother's older sister's children are in the picture. Her mother's oldest sister lived in Headingley, Manitoba.\nLily Schmidt is asked who was the \"ringleader\" in \"gangs like this\"? She replies: \"Probably me\". Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: \"Probably it would have been Jane.\" Lily Schmidt agrees: \"Could have been, could have been too, yeah.\" Asked if she was \"bossy\" as a child, Lily Schmidt recalls that she thought of a lot of things the other children didn't think of because they lived there. When they lived on their farm later and their nephews came, the latter had different ideas than their children. Lily Schmidt thinks that she had \"open vision\" too as a child. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=1275.0,1581.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: life on the farm in the 1930s","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=1581.0,1807.06975"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458/index/77320/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt is asked if she remembers the 1930s as difficult time on the farm. She recalls that \"everyone was in the same boat\", she thinks that it didn't really matter that much. She is asked if life was better in the city than on the farm. Lily Schmidt recalls that the Friesen family had six children, and \"things were really difficult there\". When her mother made something for her, she would make the same things for her cousins. She means clothes. Her father helped them out, not so much with money but for instance with seedlings of trees that were planted around the yard. Her father wished to be on the farm as well. Once in the summertime, they were trying to grow beets in the area, and Lily Schmidt helped them cleaning beets a couple of days. In the fall at harvest time or before harvest, she helped with stooking. They worked until the night. Lily Schmidt recalls that life was \"very different\" but not worse: \"And you just accept what you live with.\"\nAsked who was better off in financial terms, Lily Schmidt says that they were better off than their relatives on the farm. It was because she was an only child, \"that would make a difference\". Moreover, a farmer's life is \"very unpredictable when it comes to income\". In those days, there were no crop bonuses. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133458#t=1581.0,1807.06975"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 4 - 2005-091-4169.wav"]},"duration":1808.55583,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/459/small/audio-default.png?1640662264","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/459/original/2005-091-4169.wav?1661168408","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1808.55583,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: financial situation of relatives","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt recalls that two of her uncles, in particular the one family she talked about earlier, was \"quite poor\". The others might have been better off than they were but she doesn't know. But \"it didn't really make any difference\". ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: untypical first names","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=30.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of Lily Schmidt's female cousins was named Oleif. The interviewer states that it's \"not a very typical Mennonite name\". Lily Schmidt recalls that Oleif was the oldest in the family but she doesn't know why she was called Oleif. Lily Schmidt thinks that Lily was also not a typical Mennonite name. Her father wanted her to be named after her mother (Sarah) but her mother didn't want to, so it's her second name. She thinks that her aunt liked reading, so maybe she read something in a book and called her daughter Oleif. She recalls that \"nowadays you get so many unusual names, don't you?\" ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=30.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: immigration of parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=97.0,168.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt recalls that her parents, aunts and uncles came partly together to Canada. The three doubly related couples did but she is not sure about her uncle Henry and aunt Helen Dyck. However, she thinks that they came together because they all lived together in one area. She doesn't know why they came to Manitoba specifically: \"It wasn't that they knew anybody here.\" She supposed that there was a certain amount of land available in that area. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=97.0,168.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: picnics, playing games","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=168.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt talks about a picture of Island Park in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, of 1937. It could have been on the way to or from someone they visited. Her father loved going out into the country. She can't remember pictures like this in other parks. Very often, they had friends with them, and her father would bring single ladies with them to a picnic. They may have stopped at their aunt's place on the way. Some of the single ladies were domestic workers, others were not. There are 4 single ladies in the picture, and the youngest one is still living, she is about 96 or 97. Lily Schmidt thinks that her father had met this lady at Ninette sanatorium. The ladies enjoyed trips with them, they became good friends of her parents. She also kept contact with them. She never thought about if she had a favourite women among these regulars.\nSeveral of these ladies were working in the hospital as domestics or in the kitchen. The hospital was located right on the river bank. Lily Schmidt recalls that she and other children used to play on the river bank there. The care taker had two children, so they had a \"wonderful time\" with them \"on that beautiful lawn, playing games\". She doesn't recall if some adult watched them playing on the river bank or not. Sometimes, women working there were outside when they had a break. Probably they played with them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=168.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: taking pictures","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=406.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt is asked if she was close to her mother. She replies: \"I think so.\" Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: \"Yeah, you were.\" The interviewer explains: She has asked because they are looking at a photograph depicting Lily Schmidt and her mother. She says that's because her father took the picture. Her father didn't like to be in pictures. She doesn't know why, she doesn't like being in pictures either.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=406.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: food, cooking and baking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=446.0,730.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt thinks that sandwiches were prepared for a picnic, probably also a watermelon. Meats of all kind were also prepared. Lily Schmidt says that she knows that the interviewer comes from a Mennonite family: \"Have you ever heard of Kotletten?\" The interviewer says yes. Lily Schmidt recalls that it was prepared for a picnic, as well as cheese. Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: \"Your mother was always a very good baker and cook, so I'm sure there were lots of times goodies that way.\"\nLily Schmidt recalls that her mother made a \"Schnette\" (a kind of pastry). A lot of people made them with jam but her mother made them with fruit. Lily Schmidt's mother was 95 when she died and she was still baking them the last year she was alive.\nHer mother enjoyed cooking, and reading but towards the end of her life, she couldn't read anymore. Lily Friesen used to visit her mother once a week. Her mother lived at Bethania House (in Winnipeg).\nLily Schmidt's favourite food was \"not borshch\". She enjoys it now more than she did when she was young. She recalls that anything her mother made was good.\nLily Schmidt's father cooked but he didn't bake. The interviewer says that \"it's kind of unusual to have a man cooking\". Lily Schmidt recalls that her father cooked \"anything\". When her parents had a rooming house, a lot of preparations were done by her mother the night before: mashed potatoes and meat, that was the basics. Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: \"Dad (Lily Schmidt's father) was very fussy, he didn't like hamburger meat.\" Lily Schmidt continues: Her father thought that that kind of meat was too cheap. They ate together with the boarders in the rooming house, at the same table. If the house was full, there was more than one setting. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=446.0,730.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: clothing, hair style","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=730.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt looks at a picture of 1938. Her mother has a hat on there, so she assumes that it must have been a special occasion but she doesn't remember exactly which one. Her mother wouldn't have worn a hat for a picnic. Lily Schmidt shows another picture of herself feeding ducks. There were always a lot of ducks at Island Park. Lily Schmidt's mother made her own dresses, as well as Lily's dresses. Her mother did a lot of sewing. They couldn't afford to buy too many things. Lily Schmidt recalls that her mother was very good sewer and a good cook.\nThe interviewer states that Lily Schmidt wears a \"really short dress\" in one picture. She recalls that her farm cousins would have worn longer dresses than that. She recalls that her mother was \"pretty fashion-conscious\". (The interviewer laughs.) The interviewer remarks that Lily Schmidt also had shorter hair than her cousins. Her father liked long hair but her mother didn't like it when she had to comb it, so she \"insisted that my hair would be reasonably short\". It hurt so much when she got combed, so she kept her hair fairly short. Her cousins all had braids.\nThe interviewer asks if she was teased by her cousins or if she teased her cousins because of their respective fashion and hair styles. She thinks that she untied her cousins' braids. She remembers one incident when the children were chasing each other around the cars. At that time, penny loafers were in. Her dress was definitely not as short as the one in the picture. She was jumping up in the car and she gouged her leg with the licence. \nThe interviewer asks if Lily Schmidt felt \"very city-girlish\" compared to her rural cousins. She replies: \"Maybe they felt that more than I did.\" She would have liked to be out there instead. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=730.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: photography","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1010.0,1106.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They look at a photograph depicting a bridge. Lily Schmidt doesn't know what bridge it was. Her father liked taking pictures and probably liked the view there. She likes taking pictures from the balcony in spring, they see all the beautiful trees and colouring. She thinks that it wasn't common that people took as many pictures as her father did when she was young. Her father didn't develop the pictures himself. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1010.0,1106.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: Family background, immigration to Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1106.0,1467.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt was born \"in the Ukraine\", in the Molochna area, and when he was little, he lived on an estate \"in Steinbach, Russia, well, Ukraine, actually\". He was born in 1919. It was at the end of WW I, and the Russian Revolution was \"in full swing, anarchy and so on\". His grandparents were \"very well-to-do\" but they lost everything, so they were \"as poor as anybody else\". His parents stayed living in the area but they grasped the opportunity to move to Canada in 1924. A number of their relatives moved to Canada too. They came via Riga, Latvia and Hamburg, Germany and arrived in Quebec. From there, they took the train to Winnipeg. Nickolas Schmidt's parents were destined to go to Saskatchewan but some of their relatives that had come earlier knew that there was an \"immigrant train\" coming through, so they came to check to see who was there. Their uncles, aunts and cousins were all in Manitoba (Altona, Gretna and so on), so his parents got off the train in Winnipeg. They spent the first winter in Gretna \"or Altona, pardon me\". Nickolas Schmidt remembers \"just a little bit here and there\" of the journey. He remembers traveling in an empty train car, and they ate what they had brought along. In Germany, they had to stay back a couple of weeks longer than their relatives they were traveling with because his father had white hair and \"kind of pinkish eyes\", his eye sight was not very strong, so the Canadian embassy wanted to make sure that it wasn't a disease. They had to stay in Hamburg for two extra weeks. It turned out that it wasn't something contagious. In the meantime, they were able to see some of the sights in Hamburg like the zoological garden where they saw exotic wild animals and plants. Nickolas Schmidt also remembers when they boarded the ship. They stopped in Southampton, England. He was \"astounded by all the fruit that was on the tables\", they weren't used to that. He also remembers that he got seasick but it was over by the time they landed in Quebec. He can't remember the train ride from Quebec to Winnipeg but he remembers arriving in Altona, Manitoba. Nickolas Schmidt forgot the name of the people who looked after them but there was an empty house where the moved in. They didn't have any furniture but people stopped by and gave them some items, and they also brought food. They arrived with nothing, it was tough. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1106.0,1467.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: moving on the farm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1467.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt recalls that the following year, the family and some of their relatives moved to Glenlea, just out of Winnipeg. They stayed there for a summer and a winter. His father was working on farms in the harvest time: stooking, threshing. In 1926, his parents were able to move to Elm Creek, Manitoba, where they bought a farm together with his uncle. Everything was on credit. They were supplied with a few cows, some grain and an allowance for buying groceries the first year. The credit came from the company they bought the land from. He doesn't remember the name of the company. It wasn't from CPR, the company was called \"consolidated something\" but he doesn't remember the full name.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1467.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: school life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1577.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a school in Elm Creek but there was a school about a mile away from their place which was seven miles from Elm Creek. It was a consolidated school that was up to grade 12. There were three smaller divisions that formed a bigger unit. Nickolas Schmidt remembers the first day he went to school. They were picked up by a \"school van, of course it was horse and buggy in those days\". In wintertime, it was a sleigh. He didn't know a word of English. He remembers the name of his teacher: a Miss McGill from Carman, Manitoba. He doesn't know how he managed. He was just about seven years old when he started school because his birthday is in October. So when he started, the children of his age were a year ahead already. In the second year, he took grade 2 until Christmas and he was transferred to grade 3, so he caught up with his peers. Nickolas Schmidt recalls that \"it was tough in those years\". He didn't \"feel deprived or anything\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1577.0,1715.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: his mother, clothes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1715.0,1808.55583"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459/index/77321/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt was the oldest of 9 children. His mother always had a big garden. She knit all their socks or stockings and mended them. When it comes to clothes, we have thrift stores nowadays. In those years, clothes were available, they shared them with their neighbours. His mother would take such clothes that were donated for her children.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133459#t=1715.0,1808.55583"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 4 - 2005-091-4170.wav"]},"duration":1804.0976,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/460/small/audio-default.png?1640662402","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/460/original/2005-091-4170.wav?1661168429","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1804.0976,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: father's background, supplementing the family income","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=0.0,154.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt finished grade 8. He took grade 9 but didn't finish it because he had to work to support the family income. His father worked for six months a year when work was available. In the meantime, his uncle whom they had been farming with had quit. His father was not able to do all the work himself, so they lost the farm. His father worked for the person that bought the farm afterwards. They were allowed to live in the buildings, they stayed there. The interviewer says that it must have been very hard for his father. Nickolas Schmidt agrees. His father's background was: \"In the good years in Russia, he was tutored, ok? He didn't go to a public school\", he never had to work because his father's parents had \"all kinds of hired people\". Because of his handicap with his eyesight, his father found the situation very difficult. As Nickolas Schmidt was the oldest, he quit school at the age of 15 in order to supplement the income of the family, and so did his oldest sister who was second in the family.\nNickolas Schmidt worked for his uncles. For one of them he worked five years during WW II. (The interviewer is writing. Nickolas Schmidt tells them that he can stop if necessary. The interviewer explains to him that she is writing down questions in order not to forget them but she can ask them later. She says that she can ask a couple of questions now)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=0.0,154.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas and Lily Schmidt: language use, High and Low German","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=154.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt has no recollection of arriving in Quebec or Winnipeg. He has very little recollections of Altona. His father worked where he could work until they moved to Elm Creek. From there on, he can remember more. Nickolas Schmidt is asked if he found the new country strange. He recalls that it was strange insofar as they couldn't talk English, and they couldn't talk to their neighbours. It changed when he started to go to school. His parents didn't speak English, they learned it only later on from their children when they grew up. Nickolas Schmidt spoke mostly High German, also some Low German but basically, his parents spoke with their children High German. He asks the interviewer if she knows the difference, he adds that he is sure she knows. He always spoke High German to his parents throughout their life. Later on, when their children arrived, \"grandma had to learn English, and she talked it not too bad\". The interviewer asks if they always spoke English to their children. Lily Schmidt intervenes: At the beginning, they spoke German. Nickolas Schmidt continues: They wanted to teach them two languages \"but we finally gave up\". Lily Schmidt explains: One of their children had a handicap, she stuttered a lot, and then they gave up speaking German. They had very nice French neighbours, the children were the same age as theirs: They were speaking French, and their children were speaking German, and they played together. When their oldest son Ed went to school, he didn't know very much English, the younger ones knew more English. The French people also spoke French to their children. The Schmidts always spoke High German.\nLily Schmidt recalls that her parents also spoke High German with her. Nickolas Schmidt states that he knows Low German very well. When his parents came together with his uncles and aunts, they would most of the time \"revert back to Low German\". Later on, people who moved to the area also spoke Low German. Lily Schmidt learned some Low German from the people who came to their home and she thinks that she could always understand it. She learned to speak it at the MCI (Mennonite Collegiate Institute). She always feels that her mouth gets tired when she speaks Low German. Nickolas Schmidt says that \"it's kind of a unique language\". The interviewer asks if they have ever tried to read Low German. Lily Schmidt says that \"it's hopeless\", Nickolas Schmidt says that he did but he finds it hard to write it because there are so many words you don't find in High German.\nThe interviewer recalls that they went to Winkler, Manitoba, and one of the ladies they interviewed had a Low German bible. She says that it was very difficult to read it.\nAsked if they still speak German, Nickolas and Lily Schmidt say yes, although they are usually speaking English to each other. Lily Schmidt says \"that we use more English in there than we realize\". The interviewer asks if they would like to continue the interview in German. Lily Schmidt says \"not for me\" but Nickolas Schmidt agrees but he warns that he might have think about some words. Lily Schmidt says that Nickolas Schmidt reads some German. She can read German too but \"it just takes too long\". Nickolas Schmidt recalls that one keeps on looking for words when you don't practice a language any more. The interviewer switches to German.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=154.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: uncle, father, social relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=539.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(The interviewer switches to German.) The interviewer asks why Nickolas' Schmidt's uncle quit farming. He recalls that his uncle was more interested in business than in farming. He moved to Winnipeg with his family and became a coal and wood trader. Then, coal and wood were the sole heating materials. Asked about his father's different appearance, Nickolas Schmidt recalls that it never caused him any inconveniences. He never felt that his father was different although he was. His father lived to 96. Asked if children ever made fun of his father, Nickolas Schmidt says no. He says that it probably happened but he never noticed it.\nMost of Nickolas Schmidt's neighbours were not Mennonites. They were English, and after he got married, they were French. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=539.0,737.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: Mennonite community in the Elm Creek area, Manitoba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=737.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt recalls that there was no Mennonite church in the area when he was young. The church was about 12 miles away, and they didn't have cars (he says \"Karen\" in German). They only had horse and buggy, so they very seldom drove to church, only on special occasions like Christmas. They also went by horse and buggy to family get-togethers or visit on someone's birthday. In their area, there were about half a dozen Mennonite families. There were itinerant preachers coming from Elm Creek traveling to Newton Siding, Manitoba, about 12 miles north from their place. They stopped often at their place, and they held prayer services (Andachten) in their house. He had very little Sunday school when Nickolas Schmidt was a child. However, they always dressed up in their best clothes on Sunday, he was brought up that way. His parents taught their children religious songs and the bible on Sundays. The interviewer adds: on Sunday mornings. Nickolas Schmidt says yes. He adds: They did this everyday, \"devotions, you know\" (he says it in English). Later on, other Mennonite families moved to the area, and they organized a small group of different Mennonite communities, and they assembled on Sundays. There were three families they had known before when they moved there, they were their relatives. Those who moved in later came mostly from southern Manitoba, from the Winkler area. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=737.0,946.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: family background, relatives in Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=946.0,1204.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt is asked about how his family found out about Canada. He recalls that the MCC (Mennonite Canadian Congress) was already organized then, and there were men from Rosthern, Saskatchewan and Coaldale, Alberta, who worked with the Mennonites. They made a contract (Vertrag) with the government. Schmidt's parents and most of the Mennonite that came then couldn't pay for their voyage. So they Mennonites made an \"agreement\" (he says it in English) with the CPR to let the Mennonites in. In Russia, the Mennonites were deprived of everything, there was no hope, and they envisioned a fresh start in Canada.\nAsked if his parents ever expressed that they would like to go back to Russia, Nickolas Schmidt says no.\nNickolas Schmidt shows a photograph of the house where he was born (in Steinbach, Ukraine). He says that the buildings are still standing, they were built well there. The interviewer looks at the picture and says that the buildings were built of stone. Nickolas Schmidt recalls that today, the house where he was born is an orphanage. He never went back, there was an occasion but now it's too late. Lily Schmidt intervenes (in German): Then, you had relatives there but now, no-one is left. Nickolas Schmidt continues: His relatives are all in Germany now. They are living in different cities in Germany. He recalls that they are doing very well in Germany, the have good jobs and have built nice homes. They moved to Germany probably in the 1980s when the \"Berlin Wall\" (he says it in English) came down. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=946.0,1204.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: sports, games, skating","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=1204.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt recalls his school years. He recalls that he always liked sports, in particular baseball and soccer (he says it in English). He played a lot of baseball throughout his life. He says that he doesn't know the word for baseball in German. The interviewer explains that it's also baseball. (They are laughing.) Nickolas Schmidt adds that soccer is \"Fußball\" in German. In the wintertime, they played soccer or hockey but he was never good at hockey.\nAt home, he played dominos with his parents. They hadn't many games then, not like today. They also played outside, they frequently rode a sleigh. In the summertime, they also played baseball outside at home. They were a large family, and there were always some of them eager to play.\nNickolas Schmidt recalls that he got an old pair of skates. There was a skating rink (he says: \"Eis rink\") at the school. He learned to skate at the place where his mother used to pour out the water after the laundry. The water froze, the ice was smaller than the room (\"Stube\") they are sitting in.\nHe recalls that they didn't have electricity, and they melted the snow for water they used in the house: \"It was a different life than nowadays\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=1204.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: siblings, work life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=1438.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt talks about his siblings. His oldest sister (the second oldest child in the family) had also to quit school after grade 8. She worked as.... Schmidt is looking for the word. The interviewer asks: \"Dienstmädchen\" (housemaid)? Nickolas Schmidt says yes. In the first years, his sister worked for different families in the Elm Creek area. After some time, she moved to Winnipeg. His sister was called \"Annie\" (Anne).\nThe younger siblings all finished grade 12, it was already during WW II.\nNickolas Schmidt earned 15 dollars a month when he started to work: 90 dollars for six months of work, heavy work. The second year, Schmidt earned 18 dollars, which didn't change for five years. The interviewer says: \"That's not much.\" Nickolas Schmidt agrees that it was not much but it was the usual wage of labourers then. Many people were looking for a job then.\nNickolas Schmidt recalls that his other siblings were his brother George, his sister Frieda, his brother Henry or Heinrich, his brother Victor, his sister Margaret, and his brother John. They all finished grade 12. The interviewer asks if Nickolas Schmidt envied his siblings that they got a better education than him. He says that he never regretted that he had to quit school earlier. He saw the necessity, and his sister Annie had to support the family too. Later on, his father could purchase a small farm, and the situation improved, and the siblings didn't have to supplement the family income any more. Nickolas Schmidt was already in his 20s then. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=1438.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=1739.0,1804.0976"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460/index/77322/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt recalls that many of his friends in school were English, they played a lot together. He was invited to them once in a while. They had good times together. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133460#t=1739.0,1804.0976"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 4 of 4 - 2005-091-4171.wav"]},"duration":1218.58322,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/133/461/small/audio-default.png?1640662492","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/content/4/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/133/461/original/2005-091-4171.wav?1661168445","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1218.58322,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Interview 1.4 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=0.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt recalls that he ran a trucking business in Winnipeg after the war. Some of his school friends have already passed away. He is asked if he had a girl friend. He replies in English: \"Let me put it this way. When you are teenager, you have a crush on a boy or a girl but nothing...it was secret.\" He never had a girlfriend when he was in school. He was too young. (He switches back to German.) Apart from that, he had lots of friends.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=0.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: meeting his wife, social life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=86.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt is asked how he met his wife. He recalls that he met his wife in the young people's church choir. He switches to English: \"What else, where'd we get to know each other?\" He also recalls that \"a whole bunch\" of girls were in the cheering section when they played baseball. They had great support from the young people. Later on, it was a church baseball team. After a baseball game, they would go and have a drink in a chocolate bar. He would walk his future wife home. In those days, they sang in the choir on Sunday morning and Sunday evening, and went to the choir practice. That was a good part of their social life. On Sunday afternoons, there was a group of young people that would go to a park, they just enjoyed each other's company.\nNickolas Schmidt recalls that he didn't attend church regularly as a child but his parents made a great effort to fill this gap. He didn't feel neglected. Lily Schmidt adds: \"That's just how it was.\"\nThe interviewer asks if the age difference of nine years between Nickolas and Lily Schmidt was unusual. Lily Schmidt recalls that her husband's cousins were good friends of hers in the church. She got together with that group, and her husband was the oldest of that group. Nickolas Schmidt continues: Four or five families got together. He says that their marriage \"happened\". There are couples he knows who have a bigger age difference. Nickolas Schmidt adds: \"I had to wait till she was 21.\" They started dating when Lily Schmidt finished grade 12 and went to university.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=86.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt: discrimination of married women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=397.0,489.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt would have liked to study interior design. In those days, women didn't go to university once they were married: \"Your spouse might have but not the girls generally speaking\". Nickolas Schmidt intervenes: His wife worked for the Canadian Wheat Board but at the moment they married, she was laid off: \"That wouldn't happen today.\" Asked how she felt about that, Lily Schmidt replies: \"That's just how it was.\"\n ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=397.0,489.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily and Nickolas Schmidt: family life, farm life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=489.0,582.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt recalls that they moved on the farm when they were married for about four years. Nickolas Schmidt explains that he had a small trucking business when they got married. They were able to afford to buy a little house with two bedrooms which was very nice. Three years later, they had seven children. When the third one arrived, they bought a bigger house on Garfield (in Winnipeg). Then they decided that it would be easier to \"train a family\" on the farm. They didn't know how big their family would become. So they sold the trucking business, bought a farm and stayed there for 28 years.\nNickolas Schmidt had worked on farms when he left school, so he was familiar with farming. He enjoyed it although some years were \"kind of tough\", \"weather-wise\", and because of the prices. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=489.0,582.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nickolas Schmidt: conscientious objection and jail in WW II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=582.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interviewer asks how WW II affected their lives: in general and as people of German heritage. Nickolas Schmidt recalls that it affected his life insofar as he had a call to join the army, and eventually he was recognized as a CO (conscientious objector). He was in Banff, Alberta, for one winter. One of his uncles he had worked for before had an accident, so he couldn't work properly any more, and Schmidt was called back to help on the farm again. It was considered (Schmidt is looking for the right term): \"a necessity\" because workers were hard to find. He worked on the farm until the summer the war ended.\nThe interviewer asks if he felt discriminated against as a German speaker. Nickolas Schmidt says that he didn't feel discriminated. He recalls that he had a CO status but before that, he had received a call up to join the army. He was sent to Headingley jail. He got a 6-months sentence, and he served five months before he was appealed for good behaviour. There were other COs in the jail at the same time. Only after that he was granted his CO status.\nThe interviewer asks why he had not been granted CO status before. Nickolas Schmidt says \"that's a good question\". He explains that most of the young Mennonites were granted CO status. He thinks that the authorities of the time were not happy with the CO status, and they wanted to intimidate some of the Mennonites. Nickolas Schmidt explains that he had applied for a CO status before he was sentenced to jail. It was judge Adamson who didn't grant the status at the beginning. McPherson was the registrar, and there was also an army man.\nThe interviewer asks if being jailed was considered something shameful or rather seen as a sign of steadfastness in the Mennonite community. Nickolas Schmidt recalls that he never encountered any hostility from his English friends although he is sure that some of them didn't like what was happening: \"I can't say that I was ever put down because of that.\"\nSchmidt was sentenced to hard labour: \"That's kind of a joke.\" He was working in the library. The jail in Headingley had a self-sustaining farm at that time, they grew their own produce.  Nickolas Schmidt was there in the winter 1941/42. He thinks that the authorities didn't know what to do with the conscientious objectors, and in the winter of 1942/43, he was sent to Banff, Alberta, to work in the forestry.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=582.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily and Nickolas Schmidt: German heritage, identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=1020.0,1218.58322"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461/index/77323/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lily Schmidt didn't experience any discrimination because of her German heritage. She supposes that the Mennonites \"were still living within themselves a lot\", so they didn't have that much to do with other people. Asked if they ever tried to hide the fact that they spoke German, Lily Schmidt replies: \"Probably\". Nickolas Schmidt says no. He never had to report to the RCMP during WW II. The interviewer asks if they consider themselves German. Nickolas Schmidt recalls that every time he had to fill out government papers, he would identify himself as German. Lily Schmidt would say that she is Dutch. The interviewer asks why. Nickolas Schmidt answers: Friesen is a Dutch name, Schmidt is \"more German\". The interviewer reminds Lily Schmidt that she spoke German, not Dutch. She agrees.\n(The rest of the audio file is hardly audible.)\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58853/file/133461#t=1020.0,1218.58322"}]}]}]}