{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/154dn40h3m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Rose Lillian Primachuk (née Palmarchuk)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Primachuk, Rose Lillian (Interviewee)","Kuranicheva, Anna (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2003-07-11 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 1:29:53","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["wp988k89m (avalonid)","LC125 (other)","2003-091-151 (local)","2003-091-152 (local)","2003-091-153 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","foodways (topical)","identity (topical)","holidays (topical)","language (topical)","entertainment and recreation (topical)","Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2020-06-29"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Includes some Ukrainian (language)","Interviewee: Primachuk, Rose Lillian (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kuranicheva, Anna (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/919/small/audio-default.png?1640621902","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2003-091-151.wav"]},"duration":1789.97986,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/919/small/audio-default.png?1640621902","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/919/original/2003-091-151.wav?1660932681","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1789.97986,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction, family background, historical units of measurement in Bukovina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=0.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rose Primachuk was born on February 6, 1930, in Hardieville, Alberta, today a part of Lethbridge, then it was a little hamlet. She was about three years old when she moved to a house in Lethbridge with her family.\nPrimachuk's father came to Canada in 1913 at the age of 23. He was born on October 11, 1890, in the village of Slobozia Rarancei (now Sloboda) in Bukovina. At that time, the village was \"occupied\" by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. She looks at the memoirs of her father and asks the interviewer to help her with a word she couldn't understand when she was translating her father's memoirs from Ukrainian to English. Her father wrote about how much land his family owned. The word Primachuk had problems to understand is \"prezhyna\" (in Romanian: prăjină). The interviewer explains to her that it is a historical measurement unit. Primachuk wants to find out how much a \"prezhyna\" was, an acre, a hectare? The interviewer states that she has come across the word in a book, and she promises to find out more about it. The interviewer explains that prezhyna was a Bukovinian word, they used different units of measurement in Galicia.\nPrimachuk's mother came from the same village her father was born but she immigrated to Canada later, joining her sister. Her parents got married in Canada. She doesn't know the year of her mother's immigration but thinks it was shortly after her father.\nPrimachuk has lived in Lethbridge all her life.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=0.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"units of measurement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=0.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education, career, death of husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=309.0,455.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk went to grade 12. She took a so-called commercial course and went to work after graduation. She worked in the principal's office when she was in grade 12. Afterwards, she worked in the city of Lethbridge in the assessment office for over 20 years. Primachuk got married in 1951 and continued working as she didn't have any children. After a break of about nine months, she found a job at the university, and she worked there for over 20 years. She was the executive secretary for the vice president of campus development. She liked that job. She retired in 1991: Her boss was retiring, so she decided to retire too. She lost her husband in 1984 in an ultralight air accident. It was a single-passenger plane. She recalls that the day of her husband's fatal accident was a beautiful day, and they never found out the cause of the accident.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=309.0,455.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plane crashes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=309.0,455.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family life, siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=455.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk lived with her parents when she was growing up. She was the youngest child. Her two sisters are still alive, her sister Helen, the oldest child, will be 87 in October (2003). Her sister Mary is 79. She had a brother younger than Helen who died at the age of 55. He was a violinist and liked music.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=455.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=455.0,516.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meals, food","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=516.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk describes the meals of the day. The breakfast consisted of cereals, porridge and toast. Lunch wasn't much different from today, it was good, wholesome food. Supper was always made by her mother who didn't like beef, so they had a lot of veal, pork and chicken. They had chickens themselves, and she remembers how her mother killed a chicken and poured boiling water over it in order to remove the feathers. Her parents always had a cow, so they had fresh milk, and some of their neighbours would buy the milk too.\nWhereas now veal is very expensive, her mother would get the meat fresh everyday from the butcher. They had an ice box, and a man came to deliver ice. They got a fridge later. She can't remembers Hardieville too much but her oldest sister Helen should as she went to school there.\nPrimachuk describes the ice box: It was like a fridge but had a compartment for the ice in order to cool the food. It was made of metal. The man who delivered the ice was called \"Eddie the ice man\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=516.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"breakfast","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chickens","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cows","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lunches","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=516.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice boxes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"porridge","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=516.0,740.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=740.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls that for Christmas, they had the traditional twelve meatless Ukrainian dishes, including kutia and pyrohy without meat. They also had cabbage rolls her mother called \"halushky\" while others called them \"holubtsi\". When she was growing up, they celebrated Christmas twice, on December 25th and January 7th. It was because they \"assimilated\" to the community. They had a big meal twice, the same type of meal. On Christmas Day, they would have turkey or chicken. Primachuk still keeps the Christmas tree and decorations until after January 7th.\nAfter WW II, there was a second (sic - in fact, third) wave of Ukrainian migrants coming to Canada, and they revived the celebration of Christmas on January 7th. The city of Lethbridge also keeps decorations until after January 7th.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=740.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assimilation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=740.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"halushky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holubtsi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kutia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=740.0,938.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Music, Ukrainian identity, language use","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=938.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk states that it was important in their family to learn music. She played the mandolin in the Ukrainian string orchestra. Her brother took a six months course in Winnipeg and taught music in the Ukrainian hall afterwards. They also danced Ukrainian dances. She states that the Ukrainian halls were closed during WW II because they were suspected that they were friendly towards \"Russia\".\nPrimachuk is proud of her Ukrainian heritage and has always said that she is Ukrainian. Many young Ukrainians lost their heritage through assimilation, especially when they married English speakers. Primachuk always spoke Ukrainian at home. She thinks because she sang in Ukrainian, she has retained a lot of her Ukrainian. She still reads and writes Ukrainian because she reads the lyrics of the songs.\nPrimachuk describes a Ukrainian dance group called \"Troyanda\" (Rose) in Lethbridge. There are more English names in that group than Ukrainian. Nevertheless, it's a very good dancing group. The people with English names are both Ukrainians that have married non-Ukrainians as well as people without Ukrainian heritage. Dancing is a good exercise too. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=938.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assimilation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mandolins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=938.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=938.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas, carolling","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1132.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls that people would go carolling (koliada) at Christmas but that was before her time. However, her dance group has revived that tradition but she herself didn't participate. Last year, she didn't hear from them.\nAt Christmas, the meal was the most important thing. Moreover, they always had a new dress for Christmas. At school, they had Christmas concerts, and her family went and watched the children.\nThey always had a \"real\" Christmas Tree, and they exchanged some gifts. When she was a child, her father, a miner, was on relief, so the family wasn't wealthy by any means. But as she was the youngest child in the family, her mother would say to her \"Ty ne znaiesh bidu\" (You don't know to be poor). Her mother would say that Primachuk's older sister Helen knew what poverty is. She thinks that she lived a little bit better as the youngest in the family.\nNo expensive gifts were exchanged. They hung up stockings, and her mother would put in an orange. There was no Santa Claus. They celebrated Christmas on December 25th because they \"assimilated in the conventions of the time\". However, for her parents January 7th was more important.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1132.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas carols","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas plays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas trees","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oranges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social welfare","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1132.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"koliada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relief","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1132.0,1468.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Food, cooking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1468.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls that her parents purchased fresh meat at the store. Her mother had a garden and grew all vegetables on her own. For a while, her parents had also a cow, and her mother made cottage cheese. Primachuk describes in detail how the cheese was produced. Her mother was a \"beautiful baker\" who made wonderful bread. Her mother made also cakes and cookies and never used written recipes: \"She was a marvellous cook\". Her mother cooked a lot with sour cream, like creamed chicken and borshch. Her mother made also pancakes and soups. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1468.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cheese","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cooking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grocery stores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1468.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"borshch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1468.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clothing, pants","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1622.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk wore clothes like \"everybody else\". She was \"spoiled\" by her mother, and always \"well dressed\". Girls didn't wear slacks then. Even when she was working at the university in Lethbridge, there was an official note that women were allowed to wear pants but it had to be a pant suit.\nPrimachuk thinks that it might have been \"a different story\" with her older sister Helen, but she herself went to school well dressed. Her mother didn't sew herself but got somebody to sew for them. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1622.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clothing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pants","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1622.0,1708.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"House chores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1708.0,1789.97986"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(The interview is interrupted because the phone is ringing.)\nAsked about what chores she had to do, Primachuk replies that she \"didn't have too much to do\" in her childhood. A little bit later, when her mother had the cow, her sister and her would take turns and deliver the milk to neighbours down the alley. She also helped to clean the house but she \"can't recall having to do certain things\".\nThe interviewer states that she was the oldest child in the family, and Primachuk agrees that it is different for the oldest child among the siblings. She remembers that her older sister Mary had to do deliver the milk, and Primachuk had to do it \"once in a while when she couldn't\". Her oldest sister Helen also had more chores to do.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1708.0,1789.97986"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919/index/52188/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house chores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"milk","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132919#t=1708.0,1789.97986"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2003-091-152.wav"]},"duration":1748.97342,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/920/small/audio-default.png?1640622043","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/920/original/2003-091-152.wav?1660932701","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1748.97342,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life of father, written memoirs of father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=0.0,507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk's father was a coal miner who worked in the mine in Hardieville, Alberta. When that mine was closed, her family moved into Lethbridge where her father found work in the Mine No. 8, just out of the city (it's in the city now). Her father worked underground, it was hard work. Her father had English and Scottish foremen and bosses who \"considered the immigrants as second-class citizens\". Her father mentioned in his memoirs that Ukrainians were called \"bohunks\", a word he was unfamiliar with \"but it's not a nice word\". It was a term used for immigrants who didn't speak English well. Her father learned to speak, read and write English. Primachuk shows a photograph of her father. Her brother was an amateur photographer. Her father would always read newspapers.\nThe women collected coal on the surface and took it home to burn. (Primachuk obviously looks in her father's memoirs.) She states that her father writes that he was discriminated against. Her father wrote that the Ukrainians were called \"bolsheviks\" and they didn't get a job. She continues to cite her father's memoirs: He wrote that they had to bribe the bosses with 50 dollars to get a job. Her father loved to read books and educated himself.\nThere were times when her father was laid off and the family was on relief. But as she was the youngest child, she herself wasn't too much affected by that but she knew that they weren't well off. The Salvation Army would bring them food at Christmas.\nPrimachuk again reads a segment of her father's memoirs (i. e. her English translation): Her father states that the family never abandoned their Ukrainian heritage and that the children were dressed well because they sang on the stage. She still has some Ukrainian costumes. Her aunt visited Ukraine several times and came back with beautiful embroidered shirts. She has some traditional clothes from Bukovina. Primachuk shows the interviewer some \"Ukrainian stuff\", including some Easter eggs. Some things were gifts but most was purchased as souvenirs.\nPrimachuk continues to talk about her father. He worked very hard but was lucky that he was never injured, as there were many accidents in the mine. He retired at the age of 61. Her father was a miner for most of his work life but at the very beginning of his life in Canada, he worked on sugar beets for farmers. Her father immigrated to Canada on a ship called \"Polonia\". There were bugs on the ship. It was not like traveling now. Her father traveled in a group of immigrants. She reads a segment of her father's memoirs on the voyage where her father wrote about lice. There were many nationalities on the ship. When they arrived at the port of Quebec, they met many priests and ministers in the immigration house who wanted to attract the new immigrants. Primachuk's father who was Orthodox was appalled by this scene. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=0.0,507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coal mining","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic clothing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graft","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racial discrimination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reading","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social welfare","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=0.0,507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"bohunks\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bolsheviks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relief","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salvation Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scottish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=0.0,507.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious practices, her father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=507.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk states that she and her siblings were all married in the Anglican church. She sings in the choir in the Anglican church. Her parents didn't go to church too much. Her mother had worked for a Catholic priest in the old country, and it turned her off. That priest fathered seven children in the village. Primachuk's states that she wasn't brought up in a religious way. When she said to her father that she was going to join the church choir, and her father approved that idea as she had a beautiful voice and should sing wherever she could. She states that she admires her father who died at the age of 84. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=507.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=507.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anglican church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roman Catholic church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=507.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parental home, decorations, music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=623.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk's mother was at home with the children and never worked outside her household. Primachuk describes how her parental home was decorated. Her mother liked little knick-knacks, she was always buying little ornaments like birds, vases and flowers. Later on, her mother bought a nice dining room suite when her father added to the house. First, they had had a cold stove before it was converted to gas. As her mother was a \"real good cook\", she could also use the coal stove.\nPrimachuk's father was \"handy with the hammer and the saw\". Later, Primachuk did some embroidery as well as crocheting and knitting. Her brother was a \"muzykant\" (musician), as her mother said, he practised his violin all the time. He served in the Canadian army, and worked in the Eaton's department store which is no longer existing. Her brother was also spoiled as the only boy in the family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=623.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"embroidery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"furniture","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knitting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stoves","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"violins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=623.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eaton's","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knick-knacks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=623.0,839.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious practices, Easter, games, segregation of boys and girls, holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=839.0,1748.97342"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk states that she didn't go to church in her childhood but all the children were baptized. Later, she was religious in some way. The interviewer asks how often her family went to church but Primachuk can't recall they ever did in her childhood.\nAt Easter, they had a good meal (ham) and got a new outfit. Her mother made paska and baba at Easter. Paska was white bread, and her mother made little birds and other decorations. Baba was some kind of yellow bread with raisins in it. The interviewer repeats the question whether they went to church (for Easter) but Primachuk didn't. Primachuk's aunt made Easter eggs. Her sister has recently started to make Easter eggs.\nBirthdays were celebrated, and school friends were invited. They played games together and had birthday presents like candies, hankies and autograph albums. Primachuk lists a few games they played, e. g. Hide and Seek and skipping rope.\nPrimachuk sometimes played with boys too but in school, there was a boys' side and a girls' side when they went out. She never thought about how it is today because she doesn't have any children. The interviewer asks again about church, whether men and women were separated. Primachuk never went to a Ukrainian church. When Ukrainian churches appeared in Lethbridge, they were already assimilated.\nPrimachuk recalls the celebration or non-observation of Canadian holidays. She used to dress up for Halloween, often in her Ukrainian costume. They got primarily apples, only a little bit of candy. One of her teachers always called her in and had her sing something before she got anything. Sometimes, she always dressed up \"like a Gypsy\" in her Ukrainian costume. She never played any tricks but she heard that outdoor toilets were moved so that people would fall in. Rotten eggs were thrown at windows.\nPrimachuk has heard about \"malanka\". They have a banquet and a dance at the Ukrainian hall. A lot of Hungarian and some English came to the hall too. It was at the hall where Primachuk learned to read and write in Ukrainian. People of other nationalities came because the food was good. Malanka was celebrated on January 14th, New Years on December 31th. Malanka was just a party, no plays were put on. There were some celebrations dedicated to Taras Shevchenko.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=839.0,1748.97342"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apples","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"autograph albums","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"birthdays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children's games","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coeducation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Easter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Halloween","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toilets","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=839.0,1748.97342"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920/index/52187/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"gypsies\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungarians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"malanka","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paska","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132920#t=839.0,1748.97342"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2003-091-153.wav"]},"duration":1854.99574,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/921/small/audio-default.png?1640622190","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/921/original/2003-091-153.wav?1660932722","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1854.99574,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plays, concerts, singing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=0.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk participated in several plays, including Ukrainian drama and some kind of musical. She can't remember the names of the plays. They had concerts once a month, and went to rehearsals once a week.\nPrimachuk started to participate in plays at the age of about 16, and sang on the stage even before that, at the age of six. \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=0.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"folk plays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"musicals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rehearsals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=0.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious holidays, picnics, pro-Soviet Ukrainian organizations in Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=141.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk doesn't remember any parish feast days. She read about Yordan but never celebrated it. The interviewer asks Primachuk again about other religious holidays, and Primachuk can't recall any.\nHowever, Primachuk vaguely remembers that they had miners' picnics. They took a train and went somewhere, to a park or something. The Ukrainians had a lot of picnics too. They would buy food on a Ukrainian farm. The Ukrainian women from Lethbridge made a lot of cabbage rolls, and sold them. It was done in summer. The organization her parents belonged to was called \"Association of United Ukrainian Canadians\" (AUUC). A lot of young people belong to it. There was also an organization called \"Workers Benevolent Organization\" (WBA). It functioned like an insurance company. Her father was the treasurer of that organization. Later on, the WBA also gave mortgages, Primachuk's nephew got a mortgage from them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=141.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picnics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=141.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Association of United Ukrainian Canadians (AUUC)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Workers Benevolent Organization (WBA)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=141.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Music, Ukrainian folk songs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=434.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk states that she loved the Ukrainian music and sang mostly Ukrainian folk songs. She still sings them. She learned them at the Ukrainian hall where she sang in the choir. Later, she sang in the music festival. She was also in the high school choir. She is still in a symphony orchestra.\nHer sister Mary also sang but not solo. All her siblings played in an orchestra.\nLater, Primachuk played the piano in the orchestra as well.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=434.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"choirs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"folk music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"singing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"symphony orchestras","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=434.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stories from Bukovina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=581.0,784.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls that one story told by her mother \"sticks in her mind\" as she heard it \"over and over again\". A young girl died in the village at the age of about 18. She thinks she was a young married woman. The woman was buried (probably not embalmed), and her casket was raided by bandits. They took away her wedding ring which she wore on her ring finger, and it's said that that finger is directly connected to one's heart. Following that, the girl awoke.\nPrimachuk recalls another story, a \"true story\": Her father's mother was killed by bandits in the old country. Her father's older brother went to Canada first. It was their intention to make money and re-migrate after that. Her father's brother indeed re-migrated, and he had lots of money which he hid in the \"pich\" (clay oven). Because of that, the bandits came to the house and killed Primachuk's grandmother. The people knew where the money was hidden.\nPrimachuk herself never told stories, she was too busy doing music. Her parents weren't card players as they considered it to be tantamount to gambling.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=581.0,784.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"card games","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family histories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gangsters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"homicide","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=581.0,784.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Entertainment, music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=784.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls that her parents went to the Ukrainian hall for concerts or a \"zabava\" (party). They also went to christenings which took place at a home. Music played a big role in their lives. They also went to dances held at the hall. It was ballroom dances. Primachuk's first musical instrument was the mandolin which is still her love. Her brother taught her to play the violin but the lessons ended when he was drafted into the army. She didn't continue them. In later years, her father-in-law purchased a cheap violin, and her brother started to teach her again. Primachuk emphasizes that they didnt't play exclusively Ukrainian music but \"all kinds of stuff\". ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=784.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mandolins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"violins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=784.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Language use, national groups","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=977.0,1105.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk's first language was Ukrainian, and they also spoke it at home. However, she spoke English with her sisters and sometimes with her father. She thinks that she always knew English as she knew Ukrainian. Her sisters always spoke English.\nThe sole language of instruction in school was English, as it was the only language used among the students who had different national backgrounds.\nPrimachuk studied Ukrainian at the Ukrainian hall. She was writing to her uncle in Ukrainian, and he understood her. Moreover, she translated her father's memoirs.\nLater on, she took \"oral French\" in grade 9. She also took a semester of \"oral Spanish\".","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=977.0,1105.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=977.0,1105.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=977.0,1105.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National groups, social relations, activities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1105.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk talks about their nearest neighbours when her family lived on the North side of Lethbridge. There was one Ukrainian family. In addition to that, there were Scottish, English as well as an Italian lady living there: \"It was a mixture\". Primachuk's best friend was of Lithuanian descent, it was her school mate. Another close friend was of English background but used to come to the Ukrainian hall to sing and dance too. They went to parties and picnics together, and did hiking.\nAsked about her parents' friends, Primachuk states that they were mostly Ukrainians, people whom her father worked with. Her father was a \"very people-person\". There were Japanese people who lived not too far and visited them. Her father wasn't biased at all, they were taught that everybody was equal.\nPrimachuk recalls that she played some ball games at school but she was more inclined towards music. She used to go to movies with her mother. She still likes to watch films from the 1940s on television. Her mother liked cowboy movies. Primachuk doesn't like modern movies. Old movies had good stories based on books.\nAsked again about the nationalities in Lethbridge, Primachuk stresses that it was a mixture. The dominant group were the English and Scottish, \"at least they thought they were the dominant\". They looked down on the immigrants. All of Primachuk's siblings were born in Canada. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1105.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ball games","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hiking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movie theaters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parties","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"picnics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1105.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungarians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lithuanians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scottish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1105.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her father's memoirs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1396.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk explains that she has just translated her father's memoirs and would like to publish them. She has to work on the text but wants at least to print it so that her nieces and nephews can read it. They should know their background because it \"wasn't that good as it is right now\". Primachuk has a second cousin whose mother used to write poetry and some stories but she wouldn't call it a family history.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1396.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family histories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memoirs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1396.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainian wedding traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1521.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls some wedding traditions. When she got married, her mother gave her a piece of dry bread in a hankie. She doesn't know why but that was the custom. They also used to intertwine \"myrta\" (myrtle) into the wreath at a wedding. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1521.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weddings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1521.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A happy childhood, Ukrainian identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1590.0,1854.99574"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Primachuk recalls that she had a happy childhood, she can't recall that she was lacking anything. Her oldest sister might have different memories. She was never hungry, always had fun and was always dressed well. She had good friends and got all the opportunities she could get. However, she had to interrupt her piano lessons at some point because her father couldn't afford it anymore. At the hall, they didn't have to pay much for them. Mainly, her musical training was through the Ukrainian organization: \"It carried me through my whole life\". She was always proud of her music and \"to be Ukrainian\". Her Ukrainian identity became stronger when she got older: In elementary school, a lot of the girls were even ashamed to speak Ukrainian but she never was. When she worked in the city hall in the assessment office (tax office), Ukrainian DPs who had immigrated not long ago asks for her to come to the counter when they found out that she could speak Ukrainian. She was very proud to translate for them. She thinks it's wonderful if anybody can speak any other kind of language beside English. Those girls who were ashamed to speak Ukrainian would never speak it well. Primachuk recalls that only one or two children in the neighbourhood would laugh at class mates who spoke Ukrainian. One of them is still alive, he is a \"good guy now\" but she will never forget that he used to call them \"bohunks\". The boy was brought up that way, his father was Scottish, he was also a miner.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1590.0,1854.99574"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racial discrimination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1590.0,1854.99574"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921/index/52186/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"bohunks\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scottish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukrainians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58668/file/132921#t=1590.0,1854.99574"}]}]}]}