{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/028pc2tt3c/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Interview with Abram \"Abe\" Friesen"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Kule Folklore Centre (Creator)","Friesen, Abram \"Abe\" (Interviewee)","Kampen, Christine (Interviewer)","Thiessen, Angela (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-04-30 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 audio files; wav; 1:27:55","audio/x-wav"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["r781wg997 (avalonid)","LC149 (other)","2005-091-4165 (local)","2005-091-4166 (local)","2005-091-4167 (local)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["oral histories (topical)","education (topical)","occupations (topical)","farming (topical)","entertainment and recreation (topical)","photographs (topical)","Winkler, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)","Rhineland, Manitoba, Canada (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["Interview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date First Ingested"]},"value":{"en":["2020-06-29"]}},{"label":{"en":["Note"]},"value":{"en":["Interviewee: Friesen, Abram \"Abe\" (creation/production)","Interviewer: Kampen, Christine (creation/production)","Interviewer:  Thiessen, Angela (creation/production)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\"\u003eAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\u003c/a\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["University of Alberta Library"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/128/original/UA_Logo_WHT_RGB_%281%29.png?1725471982","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/994/small/audio-default.png?1640630181","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - 2005-091-4165.wav"]},"duration":1804.0976,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/994/small/audio-default.png?1640630181","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/994/original/2005-091-4165.wav?1660933991","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1804.0976,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 1 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farming, moving, school years, family background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=12.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Abram \"Abe\" Friesen was born in 1915 in Osterwick, Manitoba.)\nFriesen shows a picture of the first homestead his father started. It was one quarter section of land for 10 dollars. His parents started at the village of Osterwick, Manitoba, and later moved to this quarter section of land. It was mostly bush land with some stones in it.\nWhile they lived at Osterwick, Friesen attended a German school. Later, when the moved to Glencross district, Manitoba, where the picture was taken, he went to the Glencross school. The picture was taken when he was 7 years old. That would be in 1922. His parents moved there because they could buy land for 10 dollars. They had nothing to start with as his grandparents came from Russia and were very poor.\nFriesen recalls that his father was a big strong man who worked hard. All the bush had to be cleared before you could grow anything. Later his parents found out that there was no water supply, and so they sold the place and moved to Rhineland, Manitoba. He was nine years then. It was the time when the Mennonites migrated to Mexico.\nFriesen recalls that there were two boys and six girls in their family. They all lived in the house pictured except for two who were born in Rhineland.\nThey had to walk to school about three quarters of a mile. Friesen shows his work book preserved from his school years where he trained his hand writing. He recalls that he was called to the board by the teacher who gave them an assignment and corrected them. Friesen thinks that hand writing was stressed in all schools at that time.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=12.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"photographs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=12.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=12.0,351.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School years, Great Depression, work life in the 1930s, playing hockey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=351.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked whether he did well in school, Friesen replies that he does not remember where he stood. (The interviewer continues to look at the work book: This is incredible, I can't believe this is grade 2). Friesen had to miss some school when he came to Rhineland. There was one teacher for 72 students. At that time, his father could ask for a permit to take his son out of school for three weeks in spring to help on the farm. The same was in fall: \"That alone tells you how much education I got.\" When he was 14 years old, he was taken out of school altogether and strictly on the farm helping with the work there. At that time, the \"Dirty Thirties\" started. There was a drought, and they had grass hopers. The economy \"went to pieces\" all over the world, everybody suffered. Friesen caught gophers and got one cent for each gopher tail. That was all the spending money they had. \nAt the age of 16, he was expected to work like a grown-up man. He got 50 cents for a whole year. The next year, his father took him up to Manitou, Manitoba, where he got a job finishing harvest. He was paid a dollar a day. After 11 days, his employer asked him if he had two cents in his pocket, he did not. The two cents were meant to be on his check as an excise tax, so he got a check on 10 dollars and 98 cents. After that, he went to town and grabbed a freight train and went home. That was when he was 17 years old. The next year, they were not much better off at home, so he started early, took a freight train and went west. He lived like a hobo and looked for work but for every job there was, 100 men were standing and waiting to take it. He did not find a job that year. A year later, he tried again, and they went out with a model T car (Ford). When they already had given up to find a job, they stopped at the town of Carman, Manitoba, on their way home. A gentleman asked them if they were looking for work. He stated that his home crew had left him including his hired man, and he needed help with the harvest. Friesen was traveling with his cousin (who owned the car) and two other guys. They were sleeping in the hay loft in the clothes they had been wearing all day. There were so many rats there, and they would run over their faces during the night; \"It was terrible\".\nHis boss asked Friesen one day if he would not consider being his hired man. When he was told that he had to milk three cows, Friesen said that he had never milked a cow in his life. Friesen had great difficulties with milking, so his boss sold two of the cows and kept one as the amount Friesen had milked was enough for breakfast. Friesen stayed for over two years and two months. His boss was a nice man, he had a family of four children. Friesen got 200 dollars a year. When Friesen left, he had 200 dollars in his pocket. He never spent anything except on Wednesday because he liked hockey and played for a couple of teams in the Roland area. He always had to walk to town, a little bit more than three miles, to play a game of hockey, and to walk back. They had their own league, it was just a bunch of farmers who had no money. They had a lot of fun. Friesen made his skates himself. Later, he got a pair of tube skates.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=351.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"automobiles","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freight cars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harvesting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"homeless persons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice hockey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice skates","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"milking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pocket gophers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rats","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=351.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ford Model T","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hobo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=351.0,1048.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agricultural School at Altona, Manitoba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=1048.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen had heard about an Agricultural School in Altona, Manitoba. He wrote to them, and they sent him an application form, he filled it out, and went to Altona, to attend this agricultural school. He was fortunate that he won a scholarship, and he could attend the university for free for one year. Board and tuition was paid. Friesen shows another picture. He found it sometimes difficult as his schooling had been \"so miserable\", and grade 12-students were competing with him. He had a hard time but what bothered him most was that the people who granted him a scholarship, he wanted to measure up to that. But when the smoke cleared, 10 boys got an honourable mention, and his name was among them. As he was brought up in such poor conditions, he always had to prove himself to get ahead, whatever he did.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=1048.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agricultural colleges","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholarships","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=1048.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing grain and selling it in the United States, dairy farming, harvesting, later career","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=1230.0,1804.0976"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Friesen returned from university, he helped his father on the farm for another year. His father rented some additional land from a neighbour and borrowed him machinery so that he could work that land. That was the year he got married. It was a fair crop that year but the quota system did not allow the farmers to sell any grain. They got five bushels an acre which was not enough to pay the expense and live on it. One day he crossed the US border and went to Walhalla, North Dakota, and asked the guy in the grain elevator what he would offer him for a grain like that. The man offered him a fair price and to take all the grain he had. Friesen stopped at the United States Customs office and learned that there was a 15 cents duty on barley. Then he asked the Canadian immigration office and the told him that he needed a permit from the wheat board in order to sell grain in the US. Friesen went to the wheat board in Winnipeg, described them his situation, and got a permit. When his neighbours saw what he was doing, they ask him to take their grain too as they needed help but he told them that he had no permit to do this. When he asked at the wheat board, they told him that he could not sell his neighbours' grain because he was not an elevator company. The official put out an application form and told him to wait until 5 pm. When Friesen went back, he had registered an elevator company. He was told that there were some regulations. He had to put every bushel into a permit book. Friesen took thousands of bushels of grain to the United States. He earned some money but he had got his permit only for one year and he did not renew it. He had gone to school, learned agriculture, and wanted to be a farmer.\nFriesen rented a section of land in the Snowflake area, Manitoba. He grew bigger and bigger, and he bought a farm south of Morden, Manitoba. He had a registered herd of Holstein cows, about 25 cows at a time. He did that for 17 years. Then he had a car accident and broke his foot, and on a dairy farm you need two feet, so he sold his farm. At first, he wanted to give the farm to his second son who was a strong boy but he would not make it. He also was a good baseball player but everyday he would play baseball with the other children, he had to go home and milk. When Friesen told him that he would give him the farm and all the cows, his son replied that he would shoot every single cow as he was so fed up with milking. His son joined the RCMP instead. Friesen had friends from North Dakota who had gone harvesting for a couple of years, and Friesen joined them driving a combine. They started harvesting in Oklahoma and went up all the way to North Dakota. The next year, Friesen went on his own with two combines. He started in Texas. The third year, he had three combines. It was a lot of fun, he made many friends on the way. He did that for seven years. After that, he moved to B.C. to go fishing but he never found time to do that because he was busy from day one. Once, he came to Winkler, Manitoba, and bought a box of farmer sausage. There was a large request for it in BC and Friesen was ask to bring some sausage.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=1230.0,1804.0976"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994/index/52125/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accidents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barley","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baseball","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"border crossings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"combines (agricultural machinery)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cows","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"customs administration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farm life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grain elevators","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harvesting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"milking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sausages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wheat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132994#t=1230.0,1804.0976"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - 2005-091-4166.wav"]},"duration":1804.0976,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/995/small/audio-default.png?1640630314","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/995/original/2005-091-4166.wav?1660934012","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1804.0976,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 2 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Opening a sausage business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=0.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen recalls how he started to sell sausages from Winkler, Manitoba, to BC. He bought and sold 300 pounds, and started a business out of his basement. He ordered truckloads of sausages and sold them. In a way, it was illegal because the sausage plant was only provincially inspected, not federally. The \"town fathers\" also came and liked the sausage very much, so once he would get the federal inspection, he would open up a store. After two years, he approached a member of the federal government. At that time, there were six Social Creditors in parliament, and he was one of them. He told him his story. While he was telling him the story, he reached over the phone and said: \"Give me Ottawa\". Friesen does not exactly remember the conversation but two weeks later, the federal inspection was established. Friesen opened up a store, then another one in Vancouver, BC. Later, they opened another store in Kelowna, BC. Once a week, they went with a truckload of sausages north, and sold the whole truckload on the road at the stops. Another route was through the Okanagan Valley.\nThey shipped the sausage with trucks, and the airlines got wind of it and offered to ship sausages for 35 cents a pound which was too expensive. They called another meeting, and Friesen offered to pay a nickel, as this were the costs of ground transportation. Finally, they settled for 7 and a half cents a pound. Following that, they would ship the sausages from Winnipeg to BC by plane. They sold thousands of pounds of sausages.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=0.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sausages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=0.0,304.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School life, smoking at school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=304.0,722.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen explains another picture, depicting a school. He states he does not know how old the school building is. It was made out of stones. The walls were at least a foot thick. When children were punished, the had to stand around the window sill and look out. Friesen himself never had to look out of the window. He never got spanked.\nFriesen tells a story that happened when he was about 8 years old. He was playing with others out in the school yard. The teacher had a residence in the school yard where he lived with his wife and a couple of children. Every time when it was recess, the teacher went to his place, and Friesen watched him coming out of his house, and Friesen knew that the bell would ring pretty soon and the children would have to come in. But Friesen would dash to the outhouse in order to relieve himself so that he would not have to ask the teacher in the school time. This time when he took on mad-dash for the outhouse, it was full of blue smoke: Two boys were smoking. Friesen ran away but one of the boys who was older than him pulled him back in and said to him that he had to promise him not to tell anybody what he saw. The other guy had a smarter idea: The put a cigarette into his mouth and made him smoke so that he would not tell anyone. Friesen promised not to tell anyone. But when he walked home, Friesen's sister who was a little bit older than him wanted to know what was going on. Finally, he told her but begged her not to tell anybody. The next day at noon time, the teacher called one of the smokers in and talked with him, then with the next guy. Friesen was the third one, and he told the teacher exactly what had happened. The teacher did not say anything but at four o'clock, he and the other boys had to stay while the rest of the children went home. The teacher pulled out a strap from the drawer and strapped the first boy. He had a thick overall on, and the teacher grabbed him by the suspender and held him really tight (Friesen laughs). The boy got one strap after another, and Friesen knew that he was in line too. Friesen does not know who got the most but the second one got the loudest. Finally, the teacher looked him in the eyes and said: \"Abe, did you smoke?\" Friesen said: \"They boys made me do it\", and the teacher said: \"You can go home now.\"\nFriesen said that in those days, the strap was there, and the children respected it. Those boys never smoked again. (The interviewer adds: At least not in the outhouse.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=304.0,722.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarettes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toilets","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=304.0,722.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Games played at school, ice hockey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=722.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen elaborates on the games they played at recess. They played baseball and cricket. There was a circle and each one had a hole where you were standing with a stick but there was one hole short. Somebody was always left over, somebody would try to get to your hole. That was for the younger ones who did not play ball yet. Friesen played a lot of ball, he was 82 years old when he quit.\nFriesen also played ice hockey. In Glencross, there was an ugly spring, the snow was melting, the snow was gone except the ditches, which were full of water. And then there was a cold spell, and his father had a pair of skates that had been brought along from Russia. There was a wooden platform with loops on it, they were very common, he saw more skates like that from Russia. Friesen was on that ditch, and his father came along and showed him how to put them on, on himself, and showed him how to skate. That's the first time Friesen ever saw anybody skate. When they moved to Rhineland, he knew that the skates came along with him but he does not remember ever using them. Instead, he made his own skates. The blade was made out of a file, they put it through a forge fire and took the temper out so that you could grind it. The made a couple of braces at the front and on the heel. The skates were not very high, they were not the best but he played in them.\nIn Rhineland, they had nothing to do except make their own fun, and they build a skating rink. The learned enough to play hockey in a team in Rhineland. \n(Friesen is looking for a photograph of the hockey team, there is some background noise.)\nThe Rhineland hockey team went around with horses, they went 22 miles to Altona, Manitoba. They stayed for the night, and the next morning, they were so stiff they couldn't move. When Friesen went to school in Altona, he played for Altona (he shows a picture). What they did and what was unusual: They rented a CPR train to go to a tournament. There was a roundhouse where the trains were kept over night. Friesen asks the interviewer if she has seen a roundhouse, she says no. Friesen describes the function of a roundhouse in detail. In Altona, there was a track coming from Roland, Manitoba. The hockey team hired the locomotive with one passenger car, and drove to Winkler for a tournament, the driver waited for them and drove them back home in the middle of the night. That was something that had never happened before and never happened afterwards.\nFriesen also played a lot of ball all over. He talks about some of his successes.\nWhen Friesen played hockey in Rhineland, they biggest rival was Winkler. They themselves were considered \"just nothing\". But when they played the first game on a new skating rink in Winkler, they beat them. The police man was the referee. At Altona, they often played against a French team called \"Saint Leo\" but there was no league there. Friesen played right wing.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=722.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baseball","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cricket","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice hockey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice skates","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passenger trains","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skating rinks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=722.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recess","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=722.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ploughing on the homestead, taking photographs, threshing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=1288.0,1804.0976"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen looks at the next photographs. His father purchased this quarter section of land for 10 dollars, all of it was bush country, it was covered with oak trees. The oak trunks were really set in the ground. A steam engine that was used for power would draw a one-bottom plough, and every time it would hit a stump, the engine was not strong enough, it would just stop or spin its wheels. Sometimes they were lucky and got the stump out. It was a lot of work to get those stumps out of the field but the soil itself was so rich, they did not have to summer fallow it, it was really rich soil.\nThe engines they used were fired by wood. He was really young then, six or seven years old but he remembers well when they were clearing the land. (Friesen is looking for another picture.) He got the picture he shows from his parents. Asked whether his parents had a camera, Friesen replies: \"They must have had, I don't remember.\" Friesen himself had a box camera, that was his first one. He always liked to collect things although he never had much money. \nThey look at the photograph and Friesen explains who were the men depicted on it (although they are not really visible): Mr. Fare, the other one probably his father. Mr. Fare lived in the village of Birkenhead, there might have been some distant relations but he does not know that for sure. Mr. Fare helped at their homestead because he owned the engine they used. It could also be that he was running it for somebody else. A steam engine was the best power that was around in those days. The wheels (of the engine) were made of steal. Transportation was slow, about two miles an hour. The engine was also used for threshing, the engine was connected with a belt. Friesen's wife intervenes: The engines, when they draw the threshing machines, there would be a gang, the farmers came together, they moved from one farm to the other. There were about 12-14 workers. It was not like the combines nowadays. Friesen continues: There were eight stook wagons, that was eight men, there were six loaders, that's 14, then there was one who hauled the grain. Friesen's wife: That was done by wagons and horses. Friesen continues: They poured the grain in bags. One person had to take the straw from the stack. One person had to take the straw from the separator and take it down to the engine. That was usually a young kid's job. Friesen himself did it for one year. There was also a guy who had to get the water because the engine used a lot of water. Friesen's wife continues: The situation improved when the gas engines came in but there was still the threshing gang as they call it. And the farmer's wife had to feed that gang: Three meals a day. And the horses. It was always a \"highlight\" of the farmers' life, to get the grain off the field and to thresh it. Friesen's wife used to help her mother in the kitchen.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=1288.0,1804.0976"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995/index/52124/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cameras","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clearing of land","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cooking","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oak trees","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"photographs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plowing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soils","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steam engines","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threshing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132995#t=1288.0,1804.0976"}]}]},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - 2005-091-4167.wav"]},"duration":1668.58594,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/132/996/small/audio-default.png?1640630439","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-ualberta.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/132/996/original/2005-091-4167.wav?1660934032","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":1668.58594,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Part 3 [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dorothy Friesen talks:\nThreshing, food rationing during WW II, prices","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=0.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen's wife Dorothy speaks: She used to help her mother in the kitchen during threshing time. Only once, she drove the wagon to town to empty the elevator. Her sister and her drove the horses for their father. They had to take the lunch and coffee out to the fields. Coffee was taken out to the fields but they men came in for dinner and supper because the horses needed a rest, they had to be fed and watered.\nFriesen continues: It was a little bit different than he did: They never came home for lunch. Friesen's wife grew up around Somerset, Manitoba. Friesen states that his wife and he are married for 19 years (she is his second wife). The day before yesterday was their anniversary.\nFriesen's wife continues: Before the war and during the war, everything was rationed, they had coffee coupons. Butter and sugar was also rationed. They had their own chickens and milk cows. The town people gave them their sugar coupons and they gave them their butter coupons in exchange. As farmer, they would do more canning than the townspeople. They swapped everything. Gasoline was also rationed: Three gallons for a dollar. Eggs were 15 cents a dozen. You could buy five gum balls for a penny.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=0.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gasoline","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grocery stores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threshing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=0.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seed club, threshing, engines, make-shift repairs during the \"Dirty Thirties\", rubber tires","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=182.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen shows a picture of a display. They had the first seed club in Canada. They got recognition by the department and had to show it in Winnipeg at Eaton's annex. It was established when he was 25 years old, when he was at university. They also had a little library. They had a house and a barn and everything that is on the farm. They also had a little dugout with the soil. (There is some background noise: Friesen's wife is talking on the phone at the same time.)\nFriesen shows the next picture of his threshing outfit. He shows his license when he was hauling his grain across the US-border.\nThe next picture depicts an engine that was one of the first ones built by the \"International Harvester Company\". He describes the engine in detail. It was 1.16 horse power. It would pull a two-bottom plough, it had three speeds forward and one reverse. It could go about five miles an hour. He was about nine years old when his father bought it. They had it during the Dirty Thirties. Money was scarce. When the magneto points burned up, they did not have money to buy new ones, so they stuck it out in the fields one time when the motor quit on him. He took the tail of a file and made points. He cold make two rounds with them, then they were burned up again, and he had to repeat the procedure. The reason why they burned up so quickly was that they were not hard-surface like the original ones. Other than that, it was a very durable tractor, they never had to replace the motor or do anything on it. It was also used for different things like cutting feed or grinding. The wheels were made of steal. It was the same as a car. Friesen provides a description of parts of the engine (machine) and the plough.\nThe old machine never got rubber tires but Friesen remembers well when rubber tires appeared. There were demonstrations of them all over. Anybody could take a ride around the field. People were talking about it and debating pros and cons. Many thought that rubber tires would never work. That happened when Friesen was around 17-20 years old. Friesen saw that rubber tires worked and they would not kick up the dust. But for him that was \"day dreaming\" as he had no money.\nIn the 1920s, tractors were scarce, the work was done mostly with horses. Asked whether his parents had a little bit more money than others, he says yes, but in the 1930s, they could not afford the gasoline. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=182.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engines","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gasoline","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plows","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threshing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tires","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tractors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=182.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dust storms, farming methods, drought","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=707.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen recalls dust storms in the 1930s. He remembers driving four horses, and he did not see the road. It was just terrible. That was because they did not know how to farm. This area was known as the \"Dust Bowl\". Then, they started to sow corn instead of summer fallow. After that, the soil improved. Friesen repeats: \"We didn't know how to farm.\" Those people who came from Russia (the Mennonites) had learnt how to farm over there, and the boys did not know any different when they came here, and \"we were the offsprings of that\".\nAsked whether lack of know-how was the cause for the poor crops, Friesen thinks that nevertheless the major cause was the drought in the 1930s, the grasshoppers and the bad prices that they got for whatever there was. One year, they had rust, they had huge crops standing there and there was nothing in it. You could set a match to it and let it burn off. Only later they came up with rust-resistant varieties, and that sure helped a lot.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=707.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"droughts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dust storms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farming","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=707.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dust Bowl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=707.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tractor, family background, his parents' photograph, family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=838.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen started to drive the tractor when he was about 10-12 years. When he was old enough to work, his father did not have a hired man anymore. His younger brother was two and a half years younger than he was. Although he was older and had more experience and knew how to do things, his brother would not do it as good as he did, so he himself always had to do everything. His brother read a lot of stories instead. His brother turned out to be a minister and did \"great stuff as a minister\".\nFriesen shows a photograph of his parents shortly after they got married. Both his parents were born in Canada. The picture was taken in Morden, Manitoba, in a photo studio. They went to town by horse and buggy, and gt caught in the rain, and his mother's dress got all wet there and she did not want the picture taken but they took a picture nevertheless (he laughs). Friesen does not remember how old his parents were when they got married. His father was 30 years his senior; he would be 120 now. His mother was four years younger than his father. His father smoked and paid a price for that, he died of lung cancer. His mother lived to 98 years and was very small. She had always been up at 5 o'clock in the morning: \"Man, she was a worker\". His mother's maiden name was Katherine Hiebert (Friesen shows his birth certificate). His father was Abraham Friesen; Friesen was named after his father.\nFriesen obviously shows a map of Osterwick and Reinland, Manitoba. They localities were about 10 miles apart, at that time, this was a long distance. His father had a cousin in Reinland who had a blacksmith shop, and his father would hang around there. The Hieberts lived across the street from the blacksmith shop. That's how they got to know each other. But when they got married, the rivalry started: His father's parents belonged to the Old Colony Church, his mother's parents to a different church (name of the church not audible, it seems to start with \"Summer\"). He was never able to find much history from his father's parents. Friesen shows a picture of his maternal grandfather. He does not know were it was taken (obviously on a farm). He shows a photograph of a man who moved to Mexico (it is not clear whether it is the picture of his grandfather), so it must have been taken before the 1920s.\nFriesen recalls that his grandfather (unclear which one) settled in Fargo, North Dakota, when he came from Russia. He was just a farm labourer, he worked for somebody, and that's how he learned to speak English. Finally, they came to Manitoba and settled in the village of Schoenwiese. Since he knew English, his grandfather acted as an interpreter for the people how arrived from Russia. He became a very handy man and helped the people out. Friesen remembers him well, he rolled the cigarettes for him. A lot of people smoked.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=838.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"churches","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarettes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family histories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"photographs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tractors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=838.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=838.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German language, children and grandchildren, internal conflicts among the Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1270.0,1561.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friesen spoke Low German as a child. In school, they always learned High German. They had half an hour in the morning and half an hour before four o'clock. Friesen reads High German. Friesen still speaks Low German in the coffee shop in Winkler, Manitoba, \"you can't help but speak\". When he got married to his first wife, they always taught their children English. Two of his children have picked up Low German, two of them did not.\nFriese shows a picture of his children and grandchildren and talks about their careers. He and his wife had six children but they lost two children, one through an accident, the other one through double pneumonia. Two girls and two boys were left. Friese has seven or eight grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren. None of them speak German.\nAsked why Friesen spoke English to his children, he states that English \"was coming anyway\". He always thought that it was \"a great wrong that the government didn't demand, as soon you get into the country, you speak English. It would have helped\". When a new wave of Mennonites came from Russia in 1922, they organized churches in Reinland, and they were trying to select a leader, and every minister had a chance to speak before they voted. They all preached that the world they came into was not better than the world they had left behind, as far as worldly things were concerned. They never said that they would have to change their language, \"and that's what they should have said first: We change our language so that we can talk to the people. They have never converted one person yet\". That was the reason why Friesen wanted his children to speak English. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1270.0,1561.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1270.0,1561.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1270.0,1561.0"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonite identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1561.0,1668.58594"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asked about his cultural identity, Friesen states that the faith of his forefathers is very valuable. He is very proud of this country (Canada). He is not prepared to find words to express that.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1561.0,1668.58594"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1561.0,1668.58594"},{"id":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996/index/52123/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mennonites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://ualberta.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1776/collection_resources/58691/file/132996#t=1561.0,1668.58594"}]}]}]}